“…Probiotics are live organisms that provide health benefits and mostly include Lactobacillus species, Bifidobacterium species, Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces boulardii, and Trichuris suis (10,38,50,52,53). Although clinical trials of probiotics in some instances of dysbiosis have shown promising results, the efficacy of these live organisms appears to be quite limited and there is concern about occasional harmful side effects (3,5,43,46,57). 1 Prebiotics are defined as nondigestible food ingredients that promote the growth of bacteria, stimulate host immunity, prevent pathogenic infections, and facilitate host metabolism and mineral absorption (10,11,13,30,47,51,52).…”