Sacral incidence to pubis: a novel and alternative morphologic radiological parameter to pelvic incidence in assessing spinopelvic sagittal alignment

Abstract

Background Although pelvic incidence (PI) is a key morphologic parameter in assessing spinopelvic sagittal alignment, accurate measurements of PI become difficult in patients with severe hip dislocation or femoral head deformities. This study aimed to investigate the reliability of our novel morphologic parameters and the correlations with established sagittal spinopelvic parameters. Methods One hundred healthy volunteers (25 male and 75 female), with an average age of 38.9 years, were analysed. Whole-body alignment in the standing position was measured using a slot-scanning X-ray imager. We measured the established spinopelvic sagittal parameters and a novel parameter: the sacral incidence to pubis (SIP). The correlation coefficient of each parameter, regression equation of PI using SIP, and regression equation of lumbar lordosis (LL) using PI or SIP were obtained. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated as an evaluation of the measurement reliability. Results Reliability analysis showed high intra- and inter-rater agreements in all the spinopelvic parameters, with ICCs > 0.9. The SIP and pelvic inclination angle (PIA) demonstrated strong correlation with PI (R = 0.96) and pelvic tilt (PT) (R = 0.92). PI could be predicted according to the regression equation: PI = − 9.92 + 0.905 * SIP (R = 0.9596, p < 0.0001). The ideal LL could be predicted using the following equation using PI and age: ideal LL = 32.33 + 0.623 * PI – 0.280 * age (R = 0.6033, p < 0.001) and using SIP and age: ideal LL = 24.29 + 0.609 * SIP – 0.309 * age (R = 0.6177, p < 0.001). Conclusions Both SIP and PIA were reliable parameters for determining the morphology and orientation of the pelvis, respectively. Ideal LL was accurately predicted using the SIP with equal accuracy as the PI. Our findings will assist clinicians in the assessment of spinopelvic sagittal alignment. Trial registration This study was retrospectively registered with the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000042979; January 13, 2021).

Sagittal-spinopelvic alignment improves in patients with bilateral highly dislocated hip (Crowe type IV) after subtrochanteric shortening total hip arthroplasty: A retrospective radiographic study

“…In addition, we also investigated the sacral incidence of the pubis, pelvic inclination angle, postoperative PI, and preoperative (predicted) PI, as reported by Imai et al [13] and Takahashi et al [10] (Fig. 3A and B).…”

“…The parameters illustrated include LL (L1-S1), SS, ID angle, SIP, and PIA. [10, 13] (B) Illustration of highly dislocated hips post-S-THA. The parameters illustrated include pelvic incidence (PI).…”

“…1A). [6,10] Although the PI can be measured after S-THA with an HDH, these measurements may be compromised due to difficulties in placing the THA cup in true acetabulum, difficulties in measuring the hip axis from the THA ball, and soft tissue imbalance (Fig. 1B).…”

“…1B). [10,11] Takahashi et al [10] reported that a new parameter-based PI prediction formula using the superior border of the pubic symphysis without the hip axis could predict the PI with high accuracy.…”

“…(A) A highly dislocated hip pre-S-THA. The parameters illustrated include LL (L1-S1), SS, ID angle, SIP, and PIA [10,13]. (B) Illustration of highly dislocated hips post-S-THA.…”