Sacrifices of Horses in “Princely” Tombs During the Late Phase of the Great Migration Period

Kazanski, Michel

doi:10.55086/sp21495108

Cited by 2 publications

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“…According to them, the Scandinavian influence of Roman times and the early Migration Period did not spread east of Estonia and Western Finland. 73 At the same time, the nomads of the Pontic steppes, 74 who could hardly be the Goths, had already begun to control the fur trade at the time under consideration. Thus, it was the Gothic population that could live in the territory and at the time indicated by the Varangian topos.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Данную версию, согласно которой свионы чуть ли не в IV-VI вв. путешествовали по территории Европейской части России с торговой миссией72 , не позволяют принять новые исследования, согласно которым скандинавское влияние римского времени и начала эпохи Великого переселения народов не распространялось восточнее Эстонии и Западной Финляндии73 . В то же время меховую торговлю в интересующее нас время уже начали контролировать кочевники понтийских степей74 , которых невозможно отнести к готам.…”

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“…Некоторые предпосылки, движущие силы и исторический контекст сложения Русского государства в середине VIII -середине XI в. С. 332-339 73. Казанский М.М.…”

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On the Mention of the Dnieper Varangians in the Context of the Legend of the Beginning of Kiev

Тарасов¹

2023

Historia Provinciae - The Journal of Regional History

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В статье рассматривается вопрос об этническом происхождении «варягов», которые, согласно одному старинному преданию, сохраненному русскими источниками второй половины XVII в., проживали на Днепре еще до основания Киева. С учетом данных археологии и лингвистики, автором дается обоснование их восточногерманского происхождения и примерная локализация на карте позднеантичной ойкумены. Отдельно оговаривается соотношение двух исходов: Кия с братьями – с севера на «варяжские» территории в Поднепровье и носителей древностей киевской археологической культуры – в готские земли Северного Причерноморья. Автором обосновывается мнение о существовании в прошлом восточнославянской эпической песни, в которой древние готы «державы» Эрманариха упоминались как насельники низовий Днепра задолго до исхода славян. В статье подтверждается часть оригинальных свидетельств малоизученного позднелетописного топоса (XVII в.) о «разбойнике» Кие, основавшем город Киев. Автор выдвигает идею, согласно которой новгородский летописец не только хотел «принизить» Киев, но и попытался переработать некий фольклорный сюжет. По мнению автора, в утерянной эпической песни речь шла именно о готах, которых летописец по ряду причин назвал «варягами». В песни «варяги» заселяли территорию Нижнего Поднепровья – именно этот локус являлся центром гревтунгского «королевства» Эрманариха (ок. 350 – ок. 376), где располагалась его «столица» (отождествляется с городищем Башмачка). При разборе оригинального места из предания о «разбойнике» Кие автором были использованы современные данные археологии, лингвистики и физической антропологии, что придает несомненную новизну настоящему исследованию. The article deals with the issue of the ethnic origin of the Varangians. According to an ancient legend preserved by the Russian sources of the second half of the 17th century, they had lived on the banks of the Dnieper before Kiev was founded. Taking into account archeological and linguistic data, the author provides justification for their East Germanic origin and approximate location on the map of the late antique ecumene. As a separate issue, the author considers the relation between the exodus of Kyi and his brothers from the north to the Varangian territories in the Dnieper region and the exodus of the bearers of the Kiev archaeological cultural antiquities to the Gothic lands of the Northern Black Sea region. The author substantiates the opinion about the existence of an East Slavic heroic song in the past, in which the ancient Goths of the realm of Ermanaric were mentioned as inhabitants of the lower reaches of the Dnieper long before the exodus of the Slavs. The article confirms some of the original evidence of a little-studied late chronicle topos (17th century) about Kyi the robber who founded the city of Kiev. The author puts forward the idea that not only did the Novgorod chronicler want to belittle Kiev, but he also tried to rework a certain folklore plot. According to the author, the lost heroic song referred to the Goths, whom the chronicler called the Varangians for a number of reasons. In the song, the Varangians inhabited the territory of the Lower Dnieper. This locus was the center of the Greuthungian realm of Ermanaric (ca. 350 – ca. 376), where its capital was located (it is identified with the settlement of Bashmachka). When analyzing the original excerpt from the legend about Kyi the robber, the author used the present-day data from archeology, linguistics, and physical anthropology, which lends undoubted novelty to this study.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Mention of the Dnieper Varangians in the Context of the Legend of the Beginning of Kiev

Тарасов¹

2023

Historia Provinciae - The Journal of Regional History

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“…13], в склепах 24 июня 1904 г. (рис.23,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] [31, с. 61, № 128, 129, табл.…”

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Prestigious Weapons, Horse Tack, and Warrior’s Attire from the Great Migration Period in Cimmerian Bosporos

Kazanski,

Mastykova

2023

Materials in Archaeology, History and Ethnography of Tauria

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The symbolic role of prestigious weapons, horse tack, and “military” costume as the owner’s social level marker is well known. Moreover, the artefacts of “ceremonial” military dress and horse tack form reliable markers of cultural ties and military-political orientation of the ruling elites in ancient societies. Prestigious weapons were made by order or took as spoils of war. Furthermore, “ceremonial” weapons and horse tack were diplomatic gifts and appeared in symbolic investiture of barbarian “kings.” This article addresses the finds originating from Cimmerian Bosporos and dated from the Great Migration, or the Hunnic (last third of the fourth to the second third of the fifth century) and Post-Hunnic Periods (second third of the fifth to the second third of the sixth century): swords, scramasaxes, helmets, shields, horse tack, and “military” costume parts. They meet with parallels both in the Empire and the Barbaricum. Simultaneously, the attire in question misses important artefacts like T-shaped brooches of the Roman administrators of higher ranks and barbarian “royal” gold bracelets with widened ends. Generally, in the case of Cimmerian Bosporos, military aristocratic culture from the Great Migration Period featured two traditions associated with the great powers of antiquity, the Romano-Byzantine and Iranian ones, with the first predominant among the number of finds. The Eastern Roman Empire’s sphere of military and political influence in the Ponto-Caucasian steppes extended very far, as long as the area controlled by the Sabiroi Huns inhabiting the North-Eastern Caucasus. However, political and, accordingly, military influence of Sassanian Iran in Caucasus is attested by written sources, where it is also confirmed by striking finds of prestigious weapons. This way, Cimmerian Bosporos appeared at the crossroads of these two military traditions of the great powers of antiquity.

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Sacrifices of Horses in “Princely” Tombs During the Late Phase of the Great Migration Period

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

On the Mention of the Dnieper Varangians in the Context of the Legend of the Beginning of Kiev

On the Mention of the Dnieper Varangians in the Context of the Legend of the Beginning of Kiev

Prestigious Weapons, Horse Tack, and Warrior’s Attire from the Great Migration Period in Cimmerian Bosporos

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