Safeners improve early‐stage chilling‐stress tolerance in sorghum

Vennapusa, Amaranatha R.; Assefa, Yared; Šebela, David; Somayanda, Impa M.; Perumal, Ramasamy; Riechers, Dean E.; Prasad, P. V. Vara; Jagadish, S. V. Krishna

doi:10.1111/jac.12503

Cited by 10 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…In general, the germination and seedling stage is the weakest period of plant to abiotic stress. Therefore, the germination and seedling stage is crucial for the establishment of plants ( Song et al, 2008 ; Vennapusa et al, 2021 ). Salt stress has serious influence on root length, especially for hypersensitive improved cultivars ( Ukwatta et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiomics Analyses of Two Sorghum Cultivars Reveal the Molecular Mechanism of Salt Tolerance

et al. 2022

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Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is one of the most important cereal crops and contains many health-promoting substances. Sorghum has high tolerance to abiotic stress and contains a variety of flavonoids compounds. Flavonoids are produced by the phenylpropanoid pathway and performed a wide range of functions in plants resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. A multiomics analysis of two sorghum cultivars (HN and GZ) under different salt treatments time (0, 24, 48, and 72) was performed. A total of 45 genes, 58 secondary metabolites, and 246 proteins were recognized with significant differential abundances in different comparison models. The common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were allocated to the “flavonoid biosynthesis” and “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis” pathways. The most enriched pathways of the common differentially accumulating metabolites (DAMs) were “flavonoid biosynthesis,” followed by “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis” and “arginine and proline metabolism.” The common differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were mainly distributed in “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis,” “biosynthesis of cofactors,” and “RNA transport.” Furthermore, considerable differences were observed in the accumulation of low molecular weight nonenzymatic antioxidants and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Collectively, the results of our study support the idea that flavonoid biological pathways may play an important physiological role in the ability of sorghum to withstand salt stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiomics Analyses of Two Sorghum Cultivars Reveal the Molecular Mechanism of Salt Tolerance

et al. 2022

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“…We first hypothesized that tolerant sorghum may show temporal variation at the molecular level in response to temperature stress. To investigate genotype-specific variation resulting from the time of day and temperature stress, we selected sorghum varieties that have previously been shown to exhibit different temperature sensitivities (Chiluwal et al 2020;Vennapusa et al 2021). Heat and cold-susceptible RTx430, heattolerant Macia, and cold-tolerant SC224 were subjected to 1 h heat stress (42°C) or cold stress (10°C) at four different times of the day (ZT1, ZT6, ZT9, and ZT15, Figure 1A), and mRNA-Seq was performed from leaf samples (Supplementary Dataset S1).…”

Section: The Transcriptome Response To Temperature Stress Differs Dep...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have shown that sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), a C4 cereal crop, can tolerate relatively high temperatures compared to other cereals (Sunoj et al 2017;Chiluwal et al 2020). However, sorghum genotypes with different sensitivities to temperature extremes including heat and cold stress have been identified (Chiluwal et al 2020;Ostmeyer et al 2020;Vennapusa et al 2021). Despite, sorghum known to be relatively tolerant to different abiotic stresses, temperature increases above optimum (32°C) can decrease sorghum yields (Prasad, Bheemanahalli & Jagadish 2017;Tack, Lingenfelser & Jagadish 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time of day and genotype sensitivity adjust molecular responses to temperature stress in sorghum

Bonnot

Somayanda

Jagadish

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Sorghum is one of the four major C4 crops that are considered to be tolerant to environmental extremes. Sorghum shows distinct growth responses to temperature stress depending on the sensitivity of the genetic background. About half of the transcripts in sorghum exhibit diurnal rhythmic expressions emphasizing significant coordination with the environment. However, an understanding of how molecular dynamics contribute to genotype-specific stress responses in the context of the time of day is not known. We examined whether temperature stress and the time of day impact the gene expression dynamics in cold-sensitive and tolerant and heat-sensitive and tolerant sorghum genotypes. We found that time of day is highly influencing the temperature stress responses, which can be explained by the rhythmic expression of most thermo-responsive genes. This effect is more pronounced in thermo-tolerant genotypes, suggesting a stronger regulation of gene expression by the time of day and/or by the circadian clock. Genotypic differences were mostly observed on average gene expression levels, but we identified groups of genes regulated by temperature stress in a time-of-day and genotype-specific manner. These include transcriptional regulators and several members of the Ca2+-binding EF-hand protein family. We hypothesize that expression variation of these genes between genotypes may be responsible for contrasting sensitivities to temperature stress in tolerant vs susceptible sorghum varieties. These findings offer a new opportunity to selectively target specific genes in efforts to develop climate-resilient crops based on their time of day and genotype variation responses to temperature stress.

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“…At present, there are more than 30 kinds of herbicide safeners in common use, including dichloroacetamides, oxime ethers, oxazoles, thiazoles, carboxylic acids, hormones and so forth 10 . Safeners such as fluxofenim, oxabetrinil, naphthalic anhydride (NA), benoxacor, flurazole and GA 3 were commonly used in sorghum fields 11–13 . Most safeners accelerate herbicide metabolism and reduce herbicide phytotoxicity by increasing the expression of genes encoding herbicide‐metabolizing enzymes, such as glutathione S‐transferase (GST), cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10 Safeners such as fluxofenim, oxabetrinil, naphthalic anhydride (NA), benoxacor, flurazole and GA 3 were commonly used in sorghum fields. [11][12][13] Most safeners accelerate herbicide metabolism and reduce herbicide phytotoxicity by increasing the expression of genes encoding herbicidemetabolizing enzymes, such as glutathione S-transferase (GST), cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT). 14 Benoxacor and flurazole have been proved to mitigate METinduced phytotoxicity in sorghum by increasing the activity of GST and promoting the conjugation of MET and GSH.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mechanism of exogenous gibberellin A₃ protecting sorghum shoots from S‐metolachlor Phytotoxicity

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND S‐metolachlor (MET) was used to prevent weed infestation in sorghum fields, but inappropriate application could result in phytotoxicity on sorghum. Exogenous gibberellin A3 (GA3) has been applied for alleviating the phytotoxicity of MET. However, its detoxification mechanism is still not well known. RESULTS Leaf deformity of sorghum caused by 200 mg/L MET was alleviated by treating sorghum shoots with 800 mg/L GA3, and the injury recovery rate of growth index was over 73%. More importantly, GA3 could not accelerate the metabolic rate of MET in sorghum. The result of phytohormone metabolomics showed that endogenous GA3 content in sorghum decreased by 78.10% with MET treatment, while abscisic acid (ABA) content increased by 120.2%, resulting in 10.3‐fold increase of ABA/GA3 ratio. Content of ABA and GA3 increased by 11.9‐ and 21.1‐fold with MET and GA3 treatment, respectively, leading to ABA/GA3 ratio restoration. Moreover, MET inhibited the expression of genes encoding key enzymes related to GA synthesis including CPS1, KO2, KAO, GA20ox1D and ABA8ox gene related to ABA metabolism. The transcription levels of GA metabolism‐related genes CYP714D1 and GA2ox were up‐regulated by 11.2‐ and 7.2‐fold, while ABA synthesis‐related genes NCED and ZEP were up‐regulated by 8.0‐ and 3.0‐fold, respectively, with MET and GA3 treatment. Conclusion In this study, exogenous GA3 protecting sorghum shoots from MET phytotoxicity was due to supplement the MET‐induced GA3 deficiency by absorbing exogenous GA3, and restore homeostasis of ABA and GA3 by promoting ABA synthesis, which provides novel insights for mechanism of GA3 alleviating MET phytotoxicity. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Safeners improve early‐stage chilling‐stress tolerance in sorghum

Cited by 10 publications

References 56 publications

Multiomics Analyses of Two Sorghum Cultivars Reveal the Molecular Mechanism of Salt Tolerance

Multiomics Analyses of Two Sorghum Cultivars Reveal the Molecular Mechanism of Salt Tolerance

Time of day and genotype sensitivity adjust molecular responses to temperature stress in sorghum

The mechanism of exogenous gibberellin A₃ protecting sorghum shoots from S‐metolachlor Phytotoxicity

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Safeners improve early‐stage chilling‐stress tolerance in sorghum

Cited by 10 publications

References 56 publications

Multiomics Analyses of Two Sorghum Cultivars Reveal the Molecular Mechanism of Salt Tolerance

Multiomics Analyses of Two Sorghum Cultivars Reveal the Molecular Mechanism of Salt Tolerance

Time of day and genotype sensitivity adjust molecular responses to temperature stress in sorghum

The mechanism of exogenous gibberellin A3 protecting sorghum shoots from S‐metolachlor Phytotoxicity

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The mechanism of exogenous gibberellin A₃ protecting sorghum shoots from S‐metolachlor Phytotoxicity