Safety and effectiveness of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

Objective: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccines currently undergoing clinical trials. Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched to collect open human COVID‐19 vaccines randomized controlled trials, without limiting the search time and language. The research papers collected in the above‐mentioned databases were initially screened according to the title and abstract content and merged, and the repeated ones were removed. After reading the full text of the remaining research, the studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded, and finally, nine studies were obtained. After extracting the statistical data of adverse events in the study, load them into Review Manager for heterogeneity analysis. Results: The incidence of adverse reactions of inactivated virus vaccines, RNA vaccines, and adenovirus vector vaccines was higher than that of placebo. Common adverse reactions included pain, swelling, and fever at the injection site. Conclusion: From the perspective of effectiveness, RNA vaccine > adenovirus vector vaccine > inactivated virus vaccine. From the perspective of safety, the incidence of adverse reactions of the three vaccines is higher than that of a placebo, and the incidence of adverse reactions of the adenovirus vector vaccine is higher.

Effectiveness and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in real-world studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…In general, RNA vaccines are the most effective, followed by viral vector vaccines and inactivated virus vaccines [ 10 – 13 ]. The current safety of COVID-19 vaccines is acceptable for mass vaccination, but long-term monitoring of vaccine safety is needed, especially in older people with underlying conditions [ 9 – 13 ].…”

“…The current safety of COVID-19 vaccines is acceptable for mass vaccination, but long-term monitoring of vaccine safety is needed, especially in older people with underlying conditions [ 9 – 13 ]. Inactivated vaccines had the lowest incidence of adverse events and the safety comparisons between mRNA vaccines and viral vectors were controversial [ 9 , 10 ].…”

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness and breakthrough infections in maintenance dialysis patients

“…In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, particularly mRNA vaccines, are effective in maintenance dialysis patients, reducing the risk reduction of both COVID-19 cases and COVID-related hospitalization, albeit less than the general population. 18 Current immunosuppression criteria are limited in identifying dialysis patients at highest breakthrough risk. Further research is needed to evaluate the potential utility of antibody titer monitoring to determine patients at highest risk for COVID-19 and the timing of additional vaccine administration.…”

The response to COVID 19 across countries and the implications for future pandemics

“…Another positive outcome from the pandemic has been the rapid development of effective vaccines using different technologies including messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines, with nanotechnologies here to stay [72][73][74][75][76][77][78] . This will be beneficial as more variants emerge in order to rapidly tweak vaccines 79 .…”