Safety assessment of (−)-hydroxycitric acid and Super CitriMax®, a novel calcium/potassium salt

Soni, Madhu G.; Burdock, George A.; Preuss, Harry G.; Stohs, Sidney J.; Ohia, S.E.; Bagchi, Debasis

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2004.04.014

Cited by 69 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Neither hydroxycitrate nor lipoic acid are known to target DNA or to be cytotoxic to normal human cells (59,60). No demonstrable toxicity due to the long-term combination of these two drugs could be observed during this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

A combination of alpha lipoic acid and calcium hydroxycitrate is efficient against mouse cancer models: Preliminary results

Schwartz¹

2010

Oncol Rep

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Abstract. The impact of metabolic dysregulation on tumor development has long been established. We have targeted two enzymes that are altered during carcinogenesis: pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which is down-regulated, and ATP citrate lyase, which is overexpressed in cancer cells. Alpha lipoic acid is a cofactor of PDH, while hydroxycitrate is a known inhibitor of ATP citrate lyase. Our hypothesis is that a combination of these drugs may have antitumoral potential. The efficacy of these molecules was screened in vitro by treatment of different human cancer and murine cell lines. Lipoic acid reduced the cell number by 10-50% depending on concentrations (0.1-10 μM) and cell types. Calcium hydroxycitrate reduced the cell number by 5-60% at different concentrations (10-500 μM). When hydroxycitrate and lipoic acid were used together, there was a major cytotoxic effect: complete cell death was seen following 8 μM lipoic acid and 300 μM hydroxycitrate treatment for 72 h. The combination of alpha lipoic acid and hydroxycitrate was administered to healthy mice, at doses currently utilized for other indications than cancer; no demonstrable toxicity was observed. The combination was used to treat mouse syngenic cancer models: MBT-2 bladder transitional cell carcinoma, B16-F10 melanoma and LL/2 Lewis lung carcinoma. The efficacy of this combination appears similar to conventional chemotherapy (cisplatin or 5-fluorouracil) as it resulted in significant tumor growth retardation and enhanced survival. This preliminary study suggests that this combination of drugs is efficient against cancer cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. A clinical trial is warranted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

A combination of alpha lipoic acid and calcium hydroxycitrate is efficient against mouse cancer models: Preliminary results

Schwartz¹

2010

Oncol Rep

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“…A HCA dose of 2500 mg/kg, equivalent to 150 000 mg in a 60 kg individual, had no adverse effect in the tested animals [2][3][4] . Soni et al [5] have summarized the results of 15 HCA human clinical studies, 14 of them were double blind and placebo controlled, and one was a single arm, open trial. No treatment-related adverse effects have been reported in any of these studies.…”

Section: To the Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The importance of the issues raised above is underscored by the numerous animal [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and human [5,[9][10][11][12] studies on the safety and efficacy of HCA (as Super CitriMax, HCA-SX). Regrettably, none of these studies was referenced and discussed by the author of this Letter to the Editor [1] .…”

Section: To the Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

No evidence demonstrating hepatotoxicity associated with hydroxycitric acid

Stohs

Preuss

Ohia

et al. 2009

WJG

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Although a number of cases of hepatotoxicity are associated with the use of Hydroxycut weight management products, it has been alleged that their effects are primarily due to the presence of hydroxycitric acid (HCA, as Super CitriMax) in the formulations. However, while these products contain up to 20 different ingredients, some do not contain HCA. Case studies reported to date have not considered in depth the literature on the numerous animal and human studies that have been conducted on the safety and efficacy of HCA. No HCAassociated hepatotoxicity or treatment-related adverse effects have been reported in these studies, and thus it is premature to make the assumptions presented in the recent case studies regarding Hydroxycut. If it is established in well controlled studies that the use of these formulations with and/or without HCA can result in the occurrence or progression of hepatotoxicity, additional studies should be conducted to characterize the causative factor(s).

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“…Hydroxy citric acid, an active compound found in garcinia fruit, a local fruit of the Southern part of Thailand, can help metabolize glucose and carbohydrates and reduce the accumulation of fat [6,7]. Currently, garcinia powder or garcinia extract is used as weight controlling product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Added Garcinia Fruit on Total Phenolic Compound Content, Antioxidant Properties and Quality Changes of the Southern Sour Curry Paste, Keang-hleung, during Storage

Promjiam¹,

Siripongvutikorn²,

Usawakesmanee³

2013

FNS

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The favorite soup for Thai particularly in the southern part is Southern sour curry or Keang-hleung soup. The ingredients used in the paste are turmeric rhizome, garlic, shallot and chili. However, for making the sour soup, the souring agent such as lime juice, tamarind pod or garcinia, fruit is added. This study aimed to compare quality changes, total phenolic compound and antioxidant properties of the pastes as affected of added garicia fruit during storage. It was found that the total phenolic compound content of basic paste without the garcinia, garcinia Keang-hleung paste and garcinia Keang-hleung paste without salt decreased as increased storage time. Moreover, the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity and the ferric reducing power (FRAP) activity of the basic paste without the garcinia decreased as increased storage time. However, the DPPH radical scavenging activity and the FRAP activity of the garcinia Keang-hleung paste with and without salt increased during 2 months of storage period and then decreased as increased storage time. Total viable count (TVC) of all paste samples were in the range of 10 2 -10 3 cfu/g. Yeast and mold counts of basic and garcinia Keang-hlueng paste were less than 30 cfu/g during storage. While, yeast and mold counts of garcinia Keang-hlueng paste without salt were less than 10 2 cfu/g during storage. Lactic acid bacteria counts of garcinia Keang-hlueng paste were less than 30 cfu/g during storage. While, lactic acid bacteria counts of the basic and garcinia Keang-hlueng paste without salt were less than 10 2 cfu/g during storage. However, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacilluus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and coliforms were not detected in all treatments throughout the storage period.

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Safety assessment of (−)-hydroxycitric acid and Super CitriMax®, a novel calcium/potassium salt

Cited by 69 publications

References 41 publications

A combination of alpha lipoic acid and calcium hydroxycitrate is efficient against mouse cancer models: Preliminary results

A combination of alpha lipoic acid and calcium hydroxycitrate is efficient against mouse cancer models: Preliminary results

No evidence demonstrating hepatotoxicity associated with hydroxycitric acid

Effect of Added Garcinia Fruit on Total Phenolic Compound Content, Antioxidant Properties and Quality Changes of the Southern Sour Curry Paste, Keang-hleung, during Storage

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