Safety, codes and standards for hydrogen installations. Metrics development and benchmarking

Abstract

Automakers and fuel providers have made public commitments to commercialize light duty fuel cell electric vehicles and fueling infrastructure in select US regions beginning in 2014. The development, implementation, and advancement of meaningful codes and standards is critical to enable the effective deployment of clean and efficient fuel cell and hydrogen solutions in the energy technology marketplace. Metrics pertaining to the development and implementation of safety knowledge, codes, and standards are important to communicate progress and inform future R&D investments. This document describes the development and benchmarking of metrics specific to the development of hydrogen specific codes relevant for hydrogen refueling stations. These metrics will be most useful as the hydrogen fuel market transitions from pre-commercial to early-commercial phases. The target regions in California will serve as benchmarking case studies to quantify the success of past investments in research and development supporting safety codes and standards R&D.

Addition of hydrogen refueling for fuel cell bus fleet to existing natural gas stations: A case study in Wuhan, China

“…Figure shows the station layout of hydrogen refueling station in Shanghai 2010 World Expo. Another is the layout of the GH2 reference station in a Sandia report …”

“…Some study provided a basis of the reference stations for evaluating an existing site for accepting hydrogen based on available area. 26 A systematic process was developed to quickly evaluate existing retail gasoline fueling station sites for hydrogen integration. This process utilized Google Maps to determine the site size and estimated available area.…”

Overview of the DOE hydrogen safety, codes and standards program, part 3: Advances in research and development to enhance the scientific basis for hydrogen regulations, codes and standards

“…al [27] was able to scientifically justify the reduction of several separation distances related to the storage of gaseous hydrogen (GH2) in the 2011 release of the NFPA code. These changes to the code have enabled deployment of hydrogen fueling infrastructure; by one account, about 20% of existing fueling stations in California can satisfy the requirements of the 2011 version of NFPA 2 for GH2 storage, while none of the 70 analyzed sites could meet the requirements of the 2005 version [28]. The second way this work can have an impact on the siting of hydrogen fueling stations is through the performance-based option for design certification described in chapter 5 of NFPA 2.…”

HyRAM: A methodology and toolkit for quantitative risk assessment of hydrogen systems

“…QRA has been an invaluable tool for the development and revision of hydrogen regulations, codes and standards (RCS). Significant reduction of separation distances were achieved in recent revisions of the National Fire Protection Association's (NFPA) Hydrogen Technologies Code (NFPA 2) and Compressed Gasses and Cryogenic Fluids Code (NFPA 55) by quantifying the risks of gaseous hydrogen releases [1]. In particular, QRA provides a framework for using science and engineering models and data to develop and revise codes and standards, as well as to facilitate the design and permitting process for hydrogen fueling stations and infrastructure.…”