“…Similarly, about 3000 road users are killed each year on Canadian roads, resulting in an estimated social cost of about $25 billion (Transport Canada, 2004). Among the different road segments, intersections are considered to be one of the most hazardous locations (Abdel-Aty and Keller, 2005;Wang and Abdel-Aty, 2008;Liu et al, 2008;Tay and Rifaat, 2007;Yan et al, 2005Yan et al, , 2007. For example, in the state of Florida, 43.1% of fatalities and serious injuries occurred at or were influenced by intersections (Wang and Abdel-Aty, 2008).…”