Safety evaluation of dried L-tryptophan fermentation product in Sprague-Dawley rats

Ko, Soo Min; Park, Ji‐Eun; Kim, Sang-Ho; Park, Myeong-Kyu; Seol, Ja Kyung; Heo, In Kyung; Shin, Yong-Uk; Kim, Soyoung; Kim, Yang‐Hee; Son, Woo‐Chan

doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.05.005

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Previous studies in Sprague–Dawley rats and broiler chickens showed no adverse effects or EMS‐related symptoms after L‐tryptophan administration (Ko et al, 2022, 2024). In a subchronic toxicity study using Sprague–Dawley rats, administration of L‐tryptophan was revealed as safe up to 2000 mg/kg/day, with no significant differences between the control and treatment groups.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Toxicology and safety study of L‐tryptophan and its impurities for use in swine

Park,

Ko,

Han

et al. 2024

J of Applied Toxicology

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L‐tryptophan, an essential amino acid for physiological processes, metabolism, development, and growth of organisms, is widely utilized in animal nutrition and human health as a feed additive and nutritional supplement, respectively. Despite its known benefits, safety concerns have arisen due to an eosinophilia–myalgia syndrome (EMS) outbreak linked to L‐tryptophan consumed by humans. Extensive research has established that the EMS outbreak was caused by an L‐tryptophan product that contained certain impurities. Therefore, safety validations are imperative to endorse the use of L‐tryptophan as a supplement or a feed additive. This study was conducted in tertiary hybrid [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] pigs to assess general toxicity and potential risks for EMS‐related symptoms associated with L‐tryptophan used as a feed additive. Our investigation elucidated the relationship between L‐tryptophan and EMS in swine. No mortalities or clinical signs were observed in any animals during the administration period, and the test substance did not induce toxic effects. Hematological analysis and histopathological examination revealed no changes in EMS‐related parameters, such as eosinophil counts, lung lesions, skin lesions, or muscle atrophy. Furthermore, no test substance‐related changes occurred in other general toxicological parameters. Through analyzing the tissues and organs of swine, most of the L‐tryptophan impurities that may cause EMS were not retained. Based on these findings, we concluded that incorporating L‐tryptophan and its impurities into the diet does not induce EMS in swine. Consequently, L‐tryptophan may be used as a feed additive throughout all growth stages of swine without safety concerns.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Toxicology and safety study of L‐tryptophan and its impurities for use in swine

Park,

Ko,

Han

et al. 2024

J of Applied Toxicology

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“…Besides, Trp has also been demonstrated to have a beneficial role in testing safety and function of experimental animals. A test on in vitro synthesis of Trp showed that different doses of Trp synthesized by microorganisms was not significantly toxic to mice when added to food, indicating that microbially synthesized Trp can be added to foods as a food additive . It is widely recognized that Trp as amino acid nutrient can improve the growth performance, digestion and absorption capacity, antioxidant status, and appetite of hybrid catfish to some extent .…”

Section: Intake Status and Safety Of Dietary Trpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A test on in vitro synthesis of Trp showed that different doses of Trp synthesized by microorganisms was not significantly toxic to mice when added to food, indicating that microbially synthesized Trp can be added to foods as a food additive. 23 It is widely recognized that Trp as amino acid nutrient can improve the growth performance, digestion and absorption capacity, antioxidant status, and appetite of hybrid catfish to some extent. 24 In a study, different amounts of Trp was added to the diets of hybrid catfish as model organisms to examine their final body weight, percentage of weight gain, specific growth rate, fish protein content, and gastric body index, pepsin, lipase, and pancreatic amylase activities.…”

Section: Intake Status and Safety Of Dietary Trpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Current Uptake Situation, Metabolic and Nutritional Characteristics, Health, and Safety of Dietary Tryptophan

Zhu,

Yang,

Zhao

2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid which is unable to be synthesized in the body. Main sources of Trp are uptake of foods such as oats and bananas. In this review, we describe the status of current dietary consumption, metabolic pathways and nutritional characteristics of Trp, as well as its ingestion and downstream metabolites for maintaining body health and safety. This review also summarizes the recent advances in Trp metabolism, particularly the 5-HT, KYN, and AhR activation pathways, revealing that its endogenous host metabolites are not only differentially affected in the body but also are closely linked to health. More attention should be paid to targeting its specific metabolic pathways and utilizing food molecules and probiotics for manipulating Trp metabolism. However, the complexity of microbiota−host interactions requires further exploration to precisely refine targets for innovating the gut microbiota-targeted diagnostic approaches and informing subsequent studies and targeted treatments of diseases.

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“…L-tryptophan is also an essential amino acid for animals and should be included in their diets; however, there are not many studies on the safety of L-tryptophan containing these impurities in animals. Our previous study demonstrated the safety of L-tryptophan in rodents by assessing general toxicity and the occurrence of EMS-related symptoms from tissue lesions and immunological parameters reportedly associated with EMS (Ko et al, 2022). However, the safety implications for humans consuming meat products obtained from animals fed with L-tryptophan or L-tryptophan impurities have not been reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicology and safety study of L‐tryptophan and its impurities for use in broiler feed

Ko,

Park,

Lee

et al. 2023

J of Applied Toxicology

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L‐tryptophan has been utilized as a feed additive in animal nutrition to improve growth performance, as well as a dietary supplement to alleviate various emotional symptoms in humans. Despite its benefits, concerns regarding its safety arose following the outbreak of eosinophilia‐myalgia syndrome (EMS) among individuals who consumed L‐tryptophan. The causative material of EMS was determined to be not L‐tryptophan itself, but rather L‐tryptophan impurities resulting from a specific manufacturing process. To investigate the effect of L‐tryptophan and its impurities on humans who consume meat products derived from animals that were fed L‐tryptophan and its impurities, an animal study involving broiler chickens was conducted. The animals in test groups were fed diet containing 0.065%–0.073% of L‐tryptophan for 27 days. This study aimed to observe the occurrence of toxicological or EMS‐related symptoms and analyze the residues of L‐tryptophan impurities in meat products. The results indicated that there was no evidence of adverse effects associated with the test substance in the investigated parameters. Furthermore, most of the consumed EMS‐causing L‐tryptophan impurities did not remain in the meat of broiler chickens. Thus, this study demonstrated the safety of L‐tryptophan and some of its impurities as a feed additive.

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Safety evaluation of dried L-tryptophan fermentation product in Sprague-Dawley rats

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Toxicology and safety study of L‐tryptophan and its impurities for use in swine

Toxicology and safety study of L‐tryptophan and its impurities for use in swine

Recent Advances in Current Uptake Situation, Metabolic and Nutritional Characteristics, Health, and Safety of Dietary Tryptophan

Toxicology and safety study of L‐tryptophan and its impurities for use in broiler feed

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