Safety, Power Imbalances, Ethics and Proxy Sex: Surveying In-The-Wild Interactions Between VR Users and Bystanders

O’Hagan, Joseph; Williamson, Julie R.; McGill, Mark; Khamis, Mohamed

doi:10.1109/ismar52148.2021.00036

Cited by 26 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The analysis and codes can be found: (link to be added, see supplementary material). Qualitative: We used inductive thematic analyses techniques [11,33] to analyse children's perceptions from audio recorded interviews. After generating transcripts, a pair of researchers read and familiarised themselves with the data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interventions to protect children effectively from bullying are lacking and mitigation options that exist in digital media (e.g., Microsoft Family Safety, Apple Families, Google Family Group) now have (largely) yet to be transposed to social VR [6,13,14,43]. Indeed, it is difficult for parents to act as a bystander and intervene as social VR requires head-worn devices that completely occlude reality, and do not support bystander awareness that could allow effective supervision [33]. Research has shown that real moderators can help establish norms for appropriate behaviours [8], with nuanced views towards human-based moderators [17] as users could lack trust due to possible personal and subjective biases of the moderators and the worry that they may be effective only in small-scale social VR environments [17].…”

Section: Bullying and Harassment In Social Vrmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Big Buddy: A Simulated Embodied Moderating System to Mitigate Children’s Reaction to Provocative Situations within Social Virtual Reality

Fiani

Bretin

McGill

et al. 2023

Extended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of social Virtual Reality (VR) among children is increasing, but with it comes new forms of harassment that can be difficult for parents to monitor. To address this issue, we have developed "Big Buddy", a prototype AI-moderator that aims to safeguard children from potential harassment in social VR. We conducted a study in which 43 children (aged 8-16) participated in a simulated social VR classroom, with fictitious competitors disrupting their game. When Big Buddy intervened, the children reported feeling significantly less negative emotions and felt safer. This is the first study to empirically examine the use of an embodied AI-moderator in social VR from the perspective of children, and it provides important insights for designing AI-moderators in social VR. CCS CONCEPTS• Human-centered computing → Collaborative and social computing.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bullying and Harassment In Social Vrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Big Buddy: A Simulated Embodied Moderating System to Mitigate Children’s Reaction to Provocative Situations within Social Virtual Reality

Fiani

Bretin

McGill

et al. 2023

Extended Abstracts of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is particularly interesting for the human-centred security domain where private and sensitive contexts are often challenging to study [19,77]. We also noticed that VR has already been successfully applied in several other research domains (e.g., Human-computer Interaction [44,47,52,76], Information Visualisation [81,85]).…”

Section: Lessons Learned From Prior Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virtual Reality Observations: Using Virtual Reality to Augment Lab-Based Shoulder Surfing Research

Mathis

O’Hagan

Khamis

et al. 2022

2022 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR)

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Figure 1: We explore the use of virtual reality (VR) for shoulder surfing research in the authentication research domain. We compare the impact of non-immersive/immersive VR observations on participants' observation performance and behaviour while shoulder surfing authentications. We demonstrate the strengths of VR-based shoulder surfing research by exploring three different authentication scenarios: (➊) automated teller machine (ATM), (➋) smartphone PIN, and (➌) smartphone pattern authentication.

show abstract

“…At its base level, visual sensing can trivially segment and volumetrically capture the appearance of a bystander, going beyond what was previously possible with 2D image/video capture. This can unlock signi cant potential for abuse, for example seeing strangers capture and appropriate your appearance for a later VR experience [112], or result in "identity hacking", such as identity theft [141].…”

Section: Capture Appropriation and Alteration Of Appearancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…As AR headsets are an emerging technology, guidelines regarding ethical usage of this technology [82] (e.g. around XR privacy [92], usage [112], human rights [2], neuro-rights [161], and privacy standards [51]) are just beginning to emerge. Moreover, because of the lack of public adoption, social norms are yet to be established although studies have hinted at norms slowly emerging [129], such as removing headsets when in other people's homes [79].…”

Section: Social Norms and Contextual Integritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Privacy-Enhancing Technology and Everyday Augmented Reality

O’Hagan

Saeghe

Gugenheimer

et al. 2022

Proc. ACM Interact. Mob. Wearable Ubiquitous Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fundamental to Augmented Reality (AR) headsets is their capacity to visually and aurally sense the world around them, necessary to drive the positional tracking that makes rendering 3D spatial content possible. This requisite sensing also opens the door for more advanced AR-driven activities, such as augmented perception, volumetric capture and biometric identification - activities with the potential to expose bystanders to significant privacy risks. Existing Privacy-Enhancing Technologies (PETs) often safeguard against these risks at a low level e.g., instituting camera access controls. However, we argue that such PETs are incompatible with the need for always-on sensing given AR headsets' intended everyday use. Through an online survey (N=102), we examine bystanders' awareness of, and concerns regarding, potentially privacy infringing AR activities; the extent to which bystanders' consent should be sought; and the level of granularity of information necessary to provide awareness of AR activities to bystanders. Our findings suggest that PETs should take into account the AR activity type, and relationship to bystanders, selectively facilitating awareness and consent. In this way, we can ensure bystanders feel their privacy is respected by everyday AR headsets, and avoid unnecessary rejection of these powerful devices by society.

show abstract

Safety, Power Imbalances, Ethics and Proxy Sex: Surveying In-The-Wild Interactions Between VR Users and Bystanders

Cited by 26 publications

References 42 publications

Big Buddy: A Simulated Embodied Moderating System to Mitigate Children’s Reaction to Provocative Situations within Social Virtual Reality

Big Buddy: A Simulated Embodied Moderating System to Mitigate Children’s Reaction to Provocative Situations within Social Virtual Reality

Virtual Reality Observations: Using Virtual Reality to Augment Lab-Based Shoulder Surfing Research

Privacy-Enhancing Technology and Everyday Augmented Reality

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About