Safety Study of Transcranial Static Magnetic Field Stimulation (tSMS) of the Human Cortex

Oliviero, Antonio; Carrasco-Lopez, Carmen; Campolo, Michela; Pérez-Borrego, Yolanda A.; Soto-León, Vanesa; González-Rosa, Javier J.; Higuero, Alonso M.; Strange, Bryan A.; Abad‐Rodríguez, José; Foffani, Guglielmo

doi:10.1016/j.brs.2014.12.002

Cited by 47 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The tSMS might be the only NIBS technique that is able to produce a lasting change in cortical excitability that is not associated directly with induced electric currents (Oliviero et al, 2015). And, the advantages of tSMS were its ease of use, absence of an uncomfortable sensation, lack of the need for high operational skill and expensive devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Static Magnetic Fields and Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Can Alter Focal Cortical Excitability

Nojima

Koganemaru

Mima

2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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For clinical application of transcranial static magnetic stimulation (tSMS), it is important to achieve a focal target cortical stimulation. Previous study suggested that the associative stimulation combining non-invasive stimulation of the motor cortex (M1) and the peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) may be useful to produce cortical excitability change. To test this hypothesis, we measured the M1 excitability and intracortical circuits by using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) before and after the tSMS of short duration (5 min) combined with PNS. Thirty-three normal volunteers were participated; tSMS+PNS (n = 11), sham+PNS (n = 11), and tSMS alone (n = 11). We found the transient suppression of the motor-evoked potential (MEP) of the right abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscle, but not of the abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscle, when combining tSMS with PNS over median nerve at the wrist. The lack of suppressive effect on APB in tSMS alone with short duration is in accord with the previous observation. In addition, the tendency of transient enhancement of the short-latency intracortical inhibition was observed immediately after intervention in the tSMS±PNS group. These findings show that the combination of tSMS and PNS can induce the cortical excitability change in target cortical motor area and potentiate the suppression effect.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Static Magnetic Fields and Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Can Alter Focal Cortical Excitability

Nojima

Koganemaru

Mima

2016

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…However, rTMS and tDCS are not comfortable for subjects submitted to these techniques (Hardwick et al, 2014). Recently, transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS), a technique that is comfortable for the subject (Oliviero et al, 2011) and safe for healthy humans (Oliviero et al, 2015), was developed. With this method, stimulation is produced by placing a small neodymium magnet over the human motor cortex, which can modulate the excitability of M1 (Oliviero et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebellar transcranial static magnetic field stimulation transiently reduces cerebellar brain inhibition

Matsugi¹,

Okada²

2017

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SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate whether transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS) delivered using a compact cylindrical NdFeB magnet over the cerebellum modulates the excitability of the cerebellum and contralateral primary motor cortex, as measured using cerebellar brain inhibition (CBI), motor evoked potentials (MEPs), and resting motor threshold (rMT). These parameters were measured before tSMS or sham stimulation and immediately, 5 minutes and 10 minutes after stimulation. There were no significant changes in CBI, MEPs or rMT over time in the sham stimulation condition, and no changes in MEPs or rMT in the tSMS condition. However, CBI was significantly decreased immediately after tSMS as compared to that before and 5 minutes after tSMS. Our results suggest that tSMS delivered to the cerebellar hemisphere transiently reduces cerebellar inhibitory output but does not affect the excitability of the contralateral motor cortex.

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“…The model was defined as follows

bold-italicB = μ_{0} μ_{r} true(bold-italicH true) bold-italicH + B_{r}, normalf normalo normalr normalt normalh normale normalm normala normalg normaln normale normalt, normala normaln normald

bold-italicB = μ_{0} μ_{r} bold-italicH, normalf normalo normalr normala normall normall normalo normalt normalh normale normalr normalm normala normalt normale normalr normali normala normall normals

where

bold-italicB

is the magnetic flux density,

bold-italicH

is the magnetic field strength,

B_{r}

is the remanent magnetic flux density of the magnet,

μ_{0}

is the magnetic permeability of free space, and

μ_{r}

is the relative magnetic permeability of each material, which is equal to

1 + χ_{V}

where

χ_{V}

is the magnetic susceptibility of the material. The relative permeability of the magnet was defined as

μ_{r} (|, bold-italicH) = (|, \begin{matrix} μ_{r ⊥} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & μ_{r ⊥} & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & μ_{r | |} (H_{z'}) \end{matrix})

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…) adjusted to match the measurements. Parameter

μ_{r ⊥}

was set to a constant of 1.17 and

μ_{r | |} true(H_{z'} true)

was obtained by taking the derivative

Δ B / Δ H

of the B–H curve (Fig. ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Distribution of Transcranial Static Magnetic Stimulation in Realistic Human Head Model

Tharayil

Goetz

Bernabei

et al. 2018

Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface

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This is the first presentation and characterization of the three-dimensional (3D) spatial distribution of the B-field generated in a human brain model by tSMS. These data can provide quantitative dosing guidance for tSMS applications across various cortical targets and subjects. The finding that the B-field gradient is high near the magnet edges should be considered in studies where neural tissue is placed close to the magnet. The observation that susceptibility has negligible effects confirms assumptions in the literature.

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Safety Study of Transcranial Static Magnetic Field Stimulation (tSMS) of the Human Cortex

Cited by 47 publications

References 24 publications

Combination of Static Magnetic Fields and Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Can Alter Focal Cortical Excitability

Combination of Static Magnetic Fields and Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Can Alter Focal Cortical Excitability

Cerebellar transcranial static magnetic field stimulation transiently reduces cerebellar brain inhibition

Field Distribution of Transcranial Static Magnetic Stimulation in Realistic Human Head Model

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