Safflower polysaccharide inhibits the development of tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

BackgroundSafflower polysaccharide (SPS) is one of the most important active components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), which has been confirmed to have the immune-regulatory function and antitumor effect. This study aimed to explore the effects of safflower polysaccharide (SPS) on tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC).MethodsHN-6 cells were treated with 5 μg/mL cisplatin and various concentrations of SPS (0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, 0.32, 0.64, and 1.28 mg/mL), and cell proliferation was measured. After treatment with 5 μg/mL cisplatin and 0.64 mg/mL SPS, the induction of apoptosis and the protein and mRNA expression of Bax, Bcl-2, COX-2, and cleaved caspase-3 in HN-6 cells were quantified. In addition, HN-6 cells were implanted into mice to establish an in vivo tumor xenograft model. Animals were randomly assigned to three groups: SPS treatment, cisplatin treatment, and the model group (no treatment). The body weight, tumor volume, and tumor weight were measured, and the expression of the above molecules was determined.ResultsSPS treatment (0.02–0.64 mg/mL) for 24–72 h inhibited HN-6 cell proliferation. In addition, 0.64 mg/mL SFP markedly induced apoptosis in HN-6 cells and arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase. Compared with the control group, the expression of Bcl-2 and COX-2 was markedly reduced by SPS treatment, whereas the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 was increased. Moreover, SPS significantly inhibited the growth of the tumor xenograft, with similar changes in the expression of Bcl-2, COX-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 in the tumor xenograft to the in vitro analysis.ConclusionsOur results indicated that SPS may inhibit TSCC development through regulation of Bcl-2, COX-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 expression.

Construction of a pH-responsive nanoreactor and its specific inhibition of oral squamous cell carcinoma growth via TME and xCT/GSH/GPX4 axis

“…reported the relative cell viability of HN6 cells was 53% after high-concentration sa ower polysaccharide treatment for 24 h, etc. [54][55][56][57] Additionally, drugs can obstruct the advancement of the tumor by inhibiting the migration and invasion of tumor cells. After 24 h, the UPM displayed a mere 11% cell migration rate, marking a 4.6-fold reduction compared to the control group and a 2.1-fold decrease compared to the USPBNPs.…”

Ganoderma lucidum Polysaccharide Enzymatic Hydrolysate Suppresses the Growth of Human Colon Cancer Cells via Inducing Apoptosis

“…Apoptosis is a general phenomenon in cytotoxicity evoked by antitumor drugs and it is an important mechanism involved in cell death, growth, invasion, and differentiation. Additionally, cell apoptosis is concerned with the malignant tumor progression 22 . Bcl-2 and Bax are commonly considered as important mediators of cell apoptosis and belong to Bcl-2 families 23 .…”

“…An accumulation of reports indicated that the activation of COX-2 in various types of tumors is related to the progression of the malignant tumor. Additionally, the COX-2 inhibitor could inhibit the growth of cancer cells and improve the antiangiogenic tumor therapy 22 . In our research, we observed that EGLP evoked apoptosis in HCT-116 cells.…”

Extraction, Structures, Bioactivities and Structure-Function Analysis of the Polysaccharides From Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

“…Zhou et al found that SPS could inhibit the proliferations of HN-6 human tongue squamous carcinoma cells and xenograft tumors in nude mice by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase. The mechanism might be related to the fact that SPS regulates the mRNA and protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (down), Bcl-2 (down), Bax (up), and cleaved caspase-3 (up) in tumor cells (Zhou et al, 2018).…”