Sagaing Fault slip and deformation in Myanmar observed by continuous GPS measurements

Aung, Pyae Sone; Satirapod, Chalermchon; Andrei, Constantin-Octavian

doi:10.1016/j.geog.2016.03.007

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The high strain rate strip can be seen bending around the eastern and western syntaxes. South of the eastern syntax, a zone of localized higher strain rate coincides with the north-south striking right-lateral Sagaing Fault, and becomes more diffuse southward (Wang et al 2011;Sone Aung et al 2016). The Tian Shan can also be seen as a region of fairly high strain rate.…”

Section: S E T T I N G O F S T U Dy a R E A A N D G E O D E T I C S T R A I N R At E Smentioning

confidence: 96%

On the relationship between strain rate and seismicity in the India–Asia collision zone: implications for probabilistic seismic hazard

Stevens

Avouac

2021

Geophysical Journal International

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Summary The increasing density of geodetic measurements makes it possible to map surface strain rate in many zones of active tectonics with unprecedented spatial resolution. Here we show that the strain tensor rate calculated from GPS in the India-Asia collision zone represents well the strain released in earthquakes. This means that geodetic data in the India-Asia collision zone region can be extrapolated back in time to estimate strain buildup on active faults, or the kinematics of continental deformation. We infer that the geodetic strain rates can be assumed stationary through time on the timescale needed to build up the elastic strain released by larger earthquakes, and that they can be used to estimate the probability of triggering earthquakes. We show that the background seismicity rate correlates with the geodetic strain rate. A good fit is obtained assuming a linear relationship ($\dot{N} = \lambda \ \cdot \dot{\epsilon }$ where $\dot{N}$ is the density of the rate of Mw ≥ 4 earthquakes, $\dot{\epsilon }$ is strain rate and λ = 2.5 ± 0.1 × 10−3 m−2), as would be expected from a standard Coulomb failure model. However, the fit is significantly better for a non-linear relationship ($\dot{N} = \gamma _1 \cdot \dot{\epsilon }^{\gamma _2}$ with γ1 = 2.5 ± 0.6 m−2 and γ2 = 1.42 ± 0.15). The b-value of the Gutenberg-Richter law, which characterize the magnitude-frequency distribution, is found to be insensitive to the strain rate. In the case of a linear correlation between seismicity and strain rate, the maximum magnitude earthquake, derived from the moment conservation principle, is expected to be independent of the strain rate. By contrast, the non-linear case implies that the maximum magnitude earthquake would be larger in zones of low strain rate. We show that within areas of constant strain rate, earthquakes above Mw4 follow a Poisson distribution in time and and are uniformly distributed in space. These findings provide a framework to estimate the probability of occurrence and magnitude of earthquakes as a function of the geodetic strain rate. We describe how the seismicity models derived from this approach can be used as an input for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. This method is easy to automatically update, and can be applied in a consistent manner to any continental zone of active tectonics with sufficient geodetic coverage.

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Section: S E T T I N G O F S T U Dy a R E A A N D G E O D E T I C S T R A I N R At E Smentioning

confidence: 96%

On the relationship between strain rate and seismicity in the India–Asia collision zone: implications for probabilistic seismic hazard

Stevens

Avouac

2021

Geophysical Journal International

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“…We have analyzed 265 geodetic data sets from India (Banerjee et al, 2008;Dumka et al, 2019;Gahalaut et al, 2013Gahalaut et al, , 2018Jade et al, 2017;Mallick et al, 2019), Bangladesh (Mallick et al, 2019;Steckler et al, 2016), Myanmar (Aung et al, 2016;Mallick et al, 2019;Maurin et al, 2010;Socquet et al, 2006;Vigny et al, 2003), and Sunda plate (or also called Sundaland platelet) (Simons et al, 2007;Vigny et al, 2003;Yong et al, 2017) covering the entire IBA and adjacent region ( Figure 1a). In order to minimize reference frame bias in our analysis, we transformed all these data into a uniform and consistent reference frame, ITRF2014, using the National Geodetic Survey's horizontal time-dependent positioning tool (https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/TOOLS/Htdp/ Htdp.shtml), instead of solving for the Helmert transformation parameters as it needs several common sites which are lacking in this case (Hessami et al, 2006;Nocquet, 2012).…”

Section: Constraining Long-term India-sunda Plate Motion From Rotatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

India‐Sunda Plate Motion, Crustal Deformation, and Seismic Hazard in the Indo‐Burmese Arc

et al. 2020

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Plate motion along the Indo‐Burmese Arc (IBA), strain accommodation in the Indo‐Burmese wedge, status of active convergence and seismic vulnerability in the outer wedge, is a matter of concern due to the large population density in northeast India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar. In the present study, we have constrained the India‐Sunda plate motion by estimating the Euler pole using updated GPS observations from the region. Our estimated India‐Sunda relative plate motion at a point on the blind megathrust (24°N and 90°E) in Bangladesh constrains India‐Sunda relative motion at ~37 mm/year oriented along N11°E. This motion is partitioned among three major active units, namely, the Sagaing Fault (~18 mm/year), Churachandpur‐Mao Fault (~17 mm/year), and the blind megathrust (~7 mm/year), from west to east of the IBA, respectively. Our estimate of convergence across the blind megathrust is significantly lower than that estimated earlier. Due to large scatter in the data close to the updip edge of the blind megathrust, it is not certain whether it is accommodated through shallow creep or in stick‐slip manner, thus leading to uncertainty in the seismic hazard in this densely populated region.

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“…We use constraints from new high‐resolution InSAR (Figure 1a, Wright et al., 2023) and published GNSS horizontal velocity fields (Figure 1b) to test the faulted viscous continuum model. The GNSS data are compiled from previously published studies (see Text S1 in Supporting Information S1 for more details about the compilation, Ashurkov et al., 2018; Aung et al., 2016; Barman et al., 2016; Bisht et al., 2021; Crupa et al., 2017; Devachandra et al., 2014; Diao et al., 2019; Dumka et al., 2014, 2018; Fazilova et al., 2018; Frohling & Szeliga, 2016; Gahalaut et al., 2018, 2019; Gautam et al., 2017; Ge et al., 2015; Guo et al., 2018; Gupta et al., 2015; Jade et al., 2011, 2014, 2017, 2020; Jouanne et al., 2014; Kreemer et al., 2014; Kundu et al., 2014; Y. Li et al., 2017; Mallick et al., 2019; Marechal et al., 2016; Metzger et al., 2020; Y. Pan & Shen, 2017; Y. Pan et al., 2018, 2019; Z. Pan et al., 2020; Perry et al., 2019; Rui & Stamps, 2019; Sharma et al., 2020; Steckler et al., 2016; Su et al., 2018; D. Wang et al., 2020; M. Wang & Shen, 2020; W. Wang et al., 2017; Vernant et al., 2014; Yadav et al., 2019, 2021; B. Zhao et al., 2015, 2017; Zheng et al., 2017; Zhou et al., 2016; Zubovich et al., 2016). Both GNSS and InSAR data sets are fixed to a Eurasia reference frame.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use constraints from new high-resolution InSAR (Figure 1a, Wright et al, 2023) and published GNSS horizontal velocity fields (Figure 1b) to test the faulted viscous continuum model. The GNSS data are compiled from previously published studies (see Text S1 in Supporting Information S1 for more details about the compilation, Ashurkov et al, 2018;Aung et al, 2016;Barman et al, 2016;Bisht et al, 2021;Crupa et al, 2017; Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 10.1029/2023JB028571 Devachandra et al, 2014;Diao et al, 2019;Dumka et al, 2014Dumka et al, , 2018Fazilova et al, 2018;Frohling & Szeliga, 2016;Gahalaut et al, 2018Gahalaut et al, , 2019Gautam et al, 2017;Ge et al, 2015;Guo et al, 2018;Gupta et al, 2015;Jade et al, 2011Jade et al, , 2014Jade et al, , 2017Jade et al, , 2020Jouanne et al, 2014;Kreemer et al, 2014;Kundu et al, 2014;Y. Li et al, 2017;Mallick et al, 2019;Marechal et al, 2016;Metzger et al, 2020;Y.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dynamics of the India‐Eurasia Collision: Faulted Viscous Continuum Models Constrained by High‐Resolution Sentinel‐1 InSAR and GNSS Velocities

Fang,

Houseman,

Wright

et al. 2024

JGR Solid Earth

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The distribution and magnitude of forces driving lithospheric deformation in the India‐Eurasia collision zone have been debated over many decades. Here we test a two‐dimensional (2‐D) Thin Viscous Shell approach that has been adapted to explicitly account for displacement on major faults and investigate the impact of lateral variations in depth‐averaged lithospheric strength. We present a suite of dynamic models to explain the key features from new high‐resolution Sentinel‐1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar as well as Global Navigation Satellite System velocities. Comparisons between calculated and geodetically observed velocity and strain rate fields indicate: (a) internal buoyancy forces from Gravitational Potential Energy acting on a relatively weak region of highest topography (>2,000 m) contribute to dilatation of the high plateau and contraction on the margins; (b) a weak central Tibetan Plateau (∼1021 Pa s compared to far‐field depth‐averaged effective viscosity of at least 1022–1023 Pa s) is required to explain the observed long‐wavelength eastward velocity variation; (c) localized displacement on fault systems enables strain concentration and clockwise rotation around the Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis. We discuss the tectonic implications for rheology of the lithosphere, distribution of geodetic strain, and partitioning of active faulting and seismicity.

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Sagaing Fault slip and deformation in Myanmar observed by continuous GPS measurements

Cited by 11 publications

References 9 publications

On the relationship between strain rate and seismicity in the India–Asia collision zone: implications for probabilistic seismic hazard

On the relationship between strain rate and seismicity in the India–Asia collision zone: implications for probabilistic seismic hazard

India‐Sunda Plate Motion, Crustal Deformation, and Seismic Hazard in the Indo‐Burmese Arc

The Dynamics of the India‐Eurasia Collision: Faulted Viscous Continuum Models Constrained by High‐Resolution Sentinel‐1 InSAR and GNSS Velocities

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