Sakuranetin Inhibits Inflammatory Enzyme, Cytokine, and Costimulatory Molecule Expression in Macrophages through Modulation of JNK, p38, and STAT1

Abstract

Sakuranetin is flavonoid phytoalexin that serves as a plant antibiotic and exists in Prunus and several other plant species. Recently, we identified the anti-inflammatory effect of Prunus yedoensis and found that there were few studies on the potential anti-inflammatory activity of sakuranetin, one of the main constituents of Prunus yedoensis. Here, we isolated peritoneal macrophages from thioglycollate-injected mice and examined whether sakuranetin affected the response of the macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon- (IFN-) γ or LPS only. Sakuranetin suppressed the synthesis of iNOS and COX2 in LPS/IFN-γ stimulated cells and the secretion of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-12 in LPS stimulated cells. The surface expression of the costimulatory molecules, CD86 and CD40, was also decreased. Among the LPS-induced signaling molecules, STAT1, JNK, and p38 phosphorylation was attenuated. These findings are evidence that sakuranetin acts as anti-inflammatory flavonoid and further study is required to evaluate its in vivo efficacy.

Human Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulate Monocytes/Macrophages and Alleviate Atherosclerosis

“…Then, M0 macrophages were co-cultured with GMSC at a ratio of 2:1 (macrophages:GMSC) cell density for 48 h in the presence of LPS/IFN-γ for M1 macrophages induction or in the presence of IL-13/IL-4 for M2 induction. Moreover, macrophages were collected and determined on their expression of HLA-DR ( 53 – 55 ), CD86 ( 56 – 59 ) as M1 marker, and CD206 (M2) ( 60 – 62 ) as M2 marker. In the condition for M1 induction, macrophages co-cultured with GMSC showed 52.6% reduction in HLA-DR expression and 42.4% reduction in CD86 expression, while the expression of CD206 showed a significant increase when compared to macrophages cultured alone (Figure 5 A).…”

A Review on Sources and Pharmacological Aspects of Sakuranetin

“…In Kim's study, the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of sakuranetin was investigated. The study involved using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the experimental model with macrophages stimulated with interferon-or LPS [74]. In the cells stimulated with LPS/IFN-γ, sakuranetin inhibited the synthesis of iNOS and COX2.…”

In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Sakuranetin against Human Rhinovirus 3

“…Anti-hepatitis B virus activity and antiviral activities of flavonoids have also been observed against several other viruses [ 24 ]. Sakuranetin is a flavonoid phytoalexin that serves as a plant antibiotic and exists in Prunus and several other plant species [ 25 ]. In this study, the anti-HRV3 activity of sakuranetin was evaluated in vitro .…”