Salamander stress and duress: the relationship between CORT, autotomy and regeneration, and exploratory behaviour

Lewis, Jacquelyn L.; Sullivan, Aaron M.

doi:10.1016/j.zool.2020.125751

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Limb regeneration in salamanders is initiated in response to injury by forming the wound epidermis. Stress signals and inflammation ( 42 , 43 , 44 ) are upregulated upon trauma through multiple mechanisms which have not been fully elucidated. Following amputation, thrombin catalyzes the formation of fibrin clot to protect the wound tissue as well as provide temporary adhesive substrate for the epidermal cell migration ( 45 , 46 ).…”

Section: Wound Healing In Response To Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Limb blastema formation: How much do we know at a genetic and epigenetic level?

Min¹,

Whited²

2023

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Section: Wound Healing In Response To Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Limb blastema formation: How much do we know at a genetic and epigenetic level?

Min¹,

Whited²

2023

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…Recent work has explored the relationship between corticosterone and regeneration in various physiological structures and in a variety of model organisms. For example, in Allegheny Mountain dusky salamanders, administration of ectopic corticosterone causes delays in tail regeneration 76 . Exogenous corticosterone treatment has also been shown to delay cutaneous wound healing in Allegheny Mountain dusky salamanders by interfering with the inflammatory process 77 , so it is plausible that the reported delays in tail regeneration may be caused by a similar inflammatory mechanism.…”

Section: Internal Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross-species analysis of systemic mediators of repair and complex tissue regeneration

2021

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Regeneration is an elegant and complex process informed by both local and long-range signals. Many current studies on regeneration are largely limited to investigations of local modulators within a canonical cohort of model organisms. Enhanced genetic tools increasingly enable precise temporal and spatial perturbations within these model regenerators, and these have primarily been applied to cells within the local injury site. Meanwhile, many aspects of broader spatial regulators of regeneration have not yet been examined with the same level of scrutiny. Recent studies have shed important insight into the significant effects of environmental cues and circulating factors on the regenerative process. These observations highlight that consideration of more systemic and possibly more broadly acting cues will also be critical to fully understand complex tissue regeneration. In this review, we explore the ways in which systemic cues and circulating factors affect the initiation of regeneration, the regenerative process, and its outcome. As this is a broad topic, we conceptually divide the factors based on their initial input as either external cues (for example, starvation and light/dark cycle) or internal cues (for example, hormones); however, all of these inputs ultimately lead to internal responses. We consider studies performed in a diverse set of organisms, including vertebrates and invertebrates. Through analysis of systemic mediators of regeneration, we argue that increased investigation of these “systemic factors” could reveal novel insights that may pave the way for a diverse set of therapeutic avenues.

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“…Conversely, ALAN may decrease the rate of tail regeneration by increasing corticosterone levels as a stress response, as has been demonstrated in tadpoles of Bufo valliceps and Rana berlandieri [ 53 ]. Elevated levels of corticosterone reduced rates of regeneration in the plethodontid salamander, Desmognathus ochrophaeus [ 54 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Artificial Night Lighting on Tail Regeneration and Prey Consumption in a Nocturnal Salamander (Plethodon cinereus) and on the Behavior of Fruit Fly Prey (Drosophila virilis)

Wise

Rohacek

Scanlon

et al. 2022

Animals

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As human development continues to encroach into natural habitats, artificial light at night (ALAN) has increasingly become a concern for wildlife. Nocturnal animals are especially vulnerable to ALAN, as the physiology and behavior of nocturnal species have evolved under conditions associated with predictably dark environments. Studies exposing amphibians to constant bright light provide evidence for changes to normal metabolism, growth, and behavior, but few of these studies have used treatments of dim ALAN comparable to that found in affected habitats. Eastern red-backed salamanders, Plethodon cinereus, use their tails for fat storage and communication, are capable of tail autotomy as an antipredator mechanism, and can regenerate the tail in its entirety. We examined the effect of different, ecologically-relevant intensities of ALAN on the rate of tail regeneration in adult P. cinereus. We hypothesized that ALAN would increase tail regeneration rates such that salamanders exposed to higher levels of light at night would regenerate tails faster than those exposed to lower light levels. In a controlled laboratory setting, we exposed salamanders (N = 76) in test chambers to nocturnal illuminations of 0.0001 lx (no ALAN, natural nocturnal illumination dark control), 0.01 lx (weak ALAN), 1 lx (moderate ALAN), or 100 lx (bright ALAN, equal to dim daytime and our day lighting treatment) for a period of 90 d immediately following tail autotomy. In addition, because these salamanders eat mostly live, moving prey, we investigated the impact of ALAN on the behavior of prey (Drosophila virilis) fed to the salamanders in our laboratory trials, which could alter feeding and regeneration rates in salamanders. We predicted that prey consumption would not be affected by ALAN and measured both prey consumption and prey behavior (activity) to examine the potential influence on regeneration. For tail regeneration, we found a non-monotonic response to ALAN, with salamanders exposed to nocturnal illuminations 0.1 lx and 100 lx regenerating tails significantly slower than salamanders in the 0.0001 lx or 1 lx treatments. Prey consumption did not differ among light treatments; however, fruit fly activity increased with increasing ALAN. These results suggest that ALAN influences regeneration rates, but the rate of regeneration is not dose-dependent and is not explained easily by prey consumption or movement of prey. We suggest that tail regeneration in these salamanders may involve a complex mechanism of altered gene expression and/or modulation of hormonal activity (corticosterone, melatonin, serotonin, and/or prolactin) at different intensities of nocturnal lighting.

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Salamander stress and duress: the relationship between CORT, autotomy and regeneration, and exploratory behaviour

Cited by 7 publications

References 72 publications

Limb blastema formation: How much do we know at a genetic and epigenetic level?

Limb blastema formation: How much do we know at a genetic and epigenetic level?

A cross-species analysis of systemic mediators of repair and complex tissue regeneration

The Effects of Artificial Night Lighting on Tail Regeneration and Prey Consumption in a Nocturnal Salamander (Plethodon cinereus) and on the Behavior of Fruit Fly Prey (Drosophila virilis)

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