“…An examination of reseach studies conducted in the field of empowerment shows that empowerment has direct effects on business performance (Patterson, West and Wall, 2004;Price, Briman and Dainty, 2004;Seibert, Silver and Randolph, 2004;Biron and Bamberger, 2007;Yang and Choi, 2008;Barrutia, Charterina and Gilsanz, 2009;Siami and Gorji, 2011;Biron and Bamberger, 2011;Nzuve and Bakari, 2012; Mahama and Cheng, 2013), mediate effects on increasing business performance (Hall, 2008;Harris, Wheeler and Kacmar, 2009;Huang, Iun, Liu and Gong, 2010;Gregory, Albritton and Osmonbekov, 2010;Kim, Sutton and Gong, 2013) and different variables have mediate effects on the relationship between empowerment and business performance (Kirkman et al, 2004;Ahearne, Mathieu and Rapp, 2005;Drake, Wong and Salter, 2007;Tuuli and Rowlinson, 2009;Michna et al, 2011;Ke and Zhang, 2011;Huang, 2012;Chiang and Hsieh, 2012;Fernandez and Moldogaziev, 2013).…”