Salicylic acid promotes plant growth and salt-related gene expression in Dianthus superbus L. (Caryophyllaceae) grown under different salt stress conditions

Abstract

Salt stress is a critical factor that affects the growth and development of plants. Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signal molecule that mitigates the negative effects of salt stress on plants. To elucidate salt tolerance in large pink L. (Caryophyllaceae) and the regulatory mechanism of exogenous SA on under different salt stresses, we conducted a pot experiment to evaluate leaf biomass, leaf anatomy, soluble protein and sugar content, and the relative expression of salt-induced genes in under 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9% NaCl conditions with and without 0.5 mM SA. The result showed that exposure of to salt stress lead to a decrease in leaf growth, soluble protein and sugar content, and mesophyll thickness, together with an increase in the expression of and genes. Foliar application of SA effectively increased leaf biomass, soluble protein and sugar content, and upregulated the expression of and in the , which facilitated in the acclimation of to moderate salt stress. However, when the plants were grown under severe salt stress (0.9% NaCl), no significant difference in plant physiological responses and relevant gene expression between plants with and without SA was observed. The findings of this study suggest that exogenous SA can effectively counteract the adverse effects of moderate salt stress on growth and development.

Physiological and Gene Expression Changes of Clematis crassifolia and Clematis cadmia in Response to Heat Stress

“…The POD activity was measured based on the change of absorbance at 470 nm by catalyzing H 2 O 2 ( Zheng et al, 2018 ). One unit was defined as the amount of enzyme that resulted in the change of 0.01 at 470 nm per minute by 1.0 g fresh tissues in the reaction system.…”

A Review of Soil-Improving Cropping Systems for Soil Salinization

“…Similarly, an improvement in salinity tolerance is achieved with the application of salicylic acid, a molecule implicated in plant signaling defense that also helps coping with salinity [94,95]. Several mechanisms operate to enhance plant growth under salt stress after the application of salicylic acid, among them is decreasing K + efflux and H + influx from the mature root zone that occurs in response to NaCl and activating the expression of salt tolerance genes under moderate, but not under severe, salt stress [96,97]. On the other hand, salinity interferes with P translocation.…”

Stressful Environments and Sustainable Soil Management: A Case Study of Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt

“…These soils globally have resulted from either human-induced causes or natural causes representing 20 % (45 million ha) of irrigated lands and 2 % (32 million ha) of dryland farmed areas. Due to the submergence of soils and seawater intrusion as well as the long-term accumulation of salts in the soil profile, natural soil salinization could be also happened (Arora et al 2017, Zheng et al 2018. It is reported that, the stress of salinity represents the main constraint for crop productivity at least one-fifth of the global irrigated lands due excess sodium on the soil exchange complex and/or presence of soluble salts in these soils This constraint includes alteration of many physiological and biochemical processes in plants and thereby causes a metabolic imbalance in plants (e.g., changes in protein hydration).…”

“…Problems in soil physical conditions in particular soil structure, the availability of water and nutrient and deficiency of micronutrients these soils are also among several constraints have been recorded for salt-affected soils. Thus, the salinization of soils also causes serious disruption in the natural biochemical, biological, erosional and hydrological Earth cycles as well as human health and sociocultural issues (Arora 2017;Sharma et al 2017;Zheng et al 2018). Therefore, the main tolerant crops to salinity, which could be cultivated in Kafr El-Sheikh includes rice, sugar beet, date palm, etc.. Due to the high loss rate of lands and their productivity in dry lands, saltaffected soils are the most common and serious environmental hazard problems (Arnous and Green 2015).…”