Salinity and<i>Salicornia bigelovii</i>Torr. Seedling Establishment. Water Relations

Stumpf, David K.; Prisco, José Tarquı́nio; Weeks, Jon Randall; Lindley, Virginia A.; O’Leary, James W.

doi:10.1093/jxb/37.2.160

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Seed germination is the first stage of crop development at which salt stress can be encountered. Intolerable salinity reduces germination, seedling emergence, and establishment (Stumpf et al 1986;Ashraf and Foolad 2005). Tolerance of salinity is obviously necessary at the whole plant level through the complete life cycle in grain-producing and forage species.…”

Section: Transgenic Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving salinity tolerance in crop plants: a biotechnological view

Arzani

2008

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant

219

132

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Salinity limits the production capabilities of agricultural soils in large areas of the world. Both breeding and screening germplasm for salt tolerance encounter the following limitations: (a) different phenotypic responses of plants at different growth stages, (b) different physiological mechanisms, (c) complicated genotype × environment interactions, and (d) variability of the salt-affected field in its chemical and physical soil composition. Plant molecular and physiological traits provide the bases for efficient germplasm screening procedures through traditional breeding, molecular breeding, and transgenic approaches. However, the quantitative nature of salinity stress tolerance and the problems associated with developing appropriate and replicable testing environments make it difficult to distinguish salt-tolerant lines from sensitive lines. In order to develop more efficient screening procedures for germplasm evaluation and improvement of salt tolerance, implementation of a rapid and reliable screening procedure is essential. Field selection for salinity tolerance is a laborious task; therefore, plant breeders are seeking reliable ways to assess the salt tolerance of plant germplasm. Salt tolerance in several plant species may operate at the cellular level, and glycophytes are believed to have special cellular mechanisms for salt tolerance. Ion exclusion, ion sequestration, osmotic adjustment, macromolecule protection, and membrane transport system adaptation to saline environments are important strategies that may confer salt tolerance to plants. Cell and tissue culture techniques have been used to obtain salt tolerant plants employing two in vitro culture approaches. The first approach is selection of mutant cell lines from cultured cells and plant regeneration from such cells (somaclones). In vitro screening of plant germplasm for salt tolerance is the second approach, and a successful employment of this method in durum wheat is presented here. Doubled haploid lines derived from pollen culture of F 1 hybrids of salt-tolerant parents are promising tools to further improve salt tolerance of plant cultivars. Enhancement of resistance against both hyper-osmotic stress and ion toxicity may also be achieved via molecular breeding of salt-tolerant plants using either molecular markers or genetic engineering.

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Section: Transgenic Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving salinity tolerance in crop plants: a biotechnological view

Arzani

2008

In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant

219

132

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“…1978). In S. bigelovii seedlings, the cotyledons failed to expand and growth was impaired, because water movement into plants was inhibited by lack of inorganic solutes (Stumpf et al . 1986).…”

Section: Floral and Seed Charactersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salicornia L. (Salicornia pusilla J. Woods, S. ramosissima J. Woods, S. europaea L., S. obscura P.W. Ball & Tutin, S. nitens P.W. Ball & Tutin, S. fragilis P.W. Ball & Tutin and S. dolichostachya Moss)

2001

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“…However, because the mutants demonstrated an even greater resistance to osmotic stress imposed by the organic solute mannitol, they are primarily osmotolerant. The additional suppression of germination by salinity over and above the osmotic inhibition by a relatively neutra1 solute such as mannitol can be explained by ionic interference of metabolic activities (Stumpf et al, 1986), and in the RS mutants the effect of Na+ is much less than that of K+. An innate ability to sequester Na+ in the vacuole to a greater extent than K+ could account for no significant improvement in tolerances for salts of the latter ion, especially if C1-partitioning follows suit.…”

Section: Kcimentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana Capable of Germination under Saline Conditions

1993

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Three mutant strains of Arabidopsis thaliana var Columbia were selected for their ability to germinate in elevated concentrations of NaCI. They were not more tolerant than wild type at subsequent development stages. Wild-type strains could not germinate at concentrations >125 mM NaCI. l w o of the mutant strains, RS17 and RS20, could withstand up to 225 mM, whereas RS19 was resistant to 175 mM. l h e RS mutants could also germinate under even lower osmotic potentials imposed by high concentrations of exogenous mannitol (550 mM), whereas the effects of elevated levels of KCI, KzS04, and LiCl were similar among the mutants and wild type. Therefore, the mutants are primarily osmotolerant, but they also possess a degree of ionic tolerance for sodium. Sodium and potassium contents of seeds exposed to high salinities indicated that the NaCI-tolerant mutants absorbed more of these respective cations during imbibition. These higher interna1 concentrations of potassium and sodium could contribute to the osmotic adjustment of the germinating seeds to the low osmotic potential of the externa1 medium. Genetic analysis of F, and Fz progeny of outcrosses suggest that the salt-tolerant mutations are recessive and that they define three complementation groups.A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in the plant response to salinity is essential to confront this agronomic problem. It is known that the detrimental effects of salinity (mostly but not exclusively attributable to NaCl) occur because of (a) osmotic stress, (b) interruption of metabolic activities by ionic excesses and imbalances, and (c) interference of salt ions on the uptake of essential macro-and micronutrients (Pasternak, 1987). These adverse effects are manifested in the inhibition of germination, reduction of growth, and disturbance of development (Levitt, 1980).Plants vary greatly in their tolerances to salt. Halophytes can complete their life cycles under saline conditions (Flowers et al., 1986), but glycophytes, although generally more sensitive to saline stress, range widely in their tolerances between species and even among varieties (Greenway and Munns, 1980; Flowers and Yao, 1987). The fact that pertinent mechanisms, as a consequence, must involve many gene products emphasizes the importance of genetic analysis. Descriptions of single genes that contribute to salt tolerance are few, but they include those responsible for C1-exclusion in certain varieties of soybean (Abel, 1969) Studies of germination performance have indicated that the major effects of a saline environment on germination are the prevention of imbibition and ionic toxicity (Torres-Schumann et al., 1989). The present study characterizes mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana that are able to germinate on high NaCl concentrations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant MaterialSeeds of Arabidopsis thaliana var Colombia were mutagenized for 16 h in 0.2% ethyl methyl sulfonate under ambient laboratory conditions (Haughn and Somerville, 1986). Seeds were then washed thoroughly with distill...

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Salinity andSalicornia bigeloviiTorr. Seedling Establishment. Water Relations

Cited by 20 publications

References 17 publications

Improving salinity tolerance in crop plants: a biotechnological view

Improving salinity tolerance in crop plants: a biotechnological view

Salicornia L. (Salicornia pusilla J. Woods, S. ramosissima J. Woods, S. europaea L., S. obscura P.W. Ball & Tutin, S. nitens P.W. Ball & Tutin, S. fragilis P.W. Ball & Tutin and S. dolichostachya Moss)

Mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana Capable of Germination under Saline Conditions

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