Salinity effects on St. Augustinegrass: A novel system to quantify stress response<sup>1</sup>

Meyer, Michèle; Smith, M. A.; Knight, Sharon L.

doi:10.1080/01904168909364001

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Marcum (1999) reported an increase in root mass of several grasses mowed to 35 to 75 mm under saline conditions. Root growth stimulation under saline conditions has been reported in salt tolerant grasses (Dudeck et al, 1983, Meyer et al, 1989Peacock and Dudeck, 1985). Increased rooting, and the associated increase in root absorbing area, is an adaptive mechanism to the osmotic and nutrient defi ciency stresses present under saline conditions (Rozema and Visser, 1981.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Responses of Creeping Bentgrass to Salinity and Mowing Management: Growth and Turf Quality

Fu¹,

Koski²,

Qian³

2005

HortSci

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Salt problems in turfgrass sites are becoming more common. The effects of mowing management on salinity tolerance are not well understood. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of three mowing regimes on turf quality and growth responses of `L-93' creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris L.) to salinity stress. Sods of `L-93' creeping bentgrass were grown in containers (45 cm long and 10 cm in diameter) in a greenhouse. Treatments included three mowing regimes (clipping three times weekly at 25.4 mm, four times at 12.7 mm, and daily at 6.4 mm) and four levels of irrigation water salinity (control, 5, 10, and 15 dS·m-1). The relationship of increasing soil salinity with increasing irrigation water salinity was linear in each soil layer. Increasing salinity reduced turf quality and clipping yield more severely and rapidly when mowed at 6.4 mm than at 12.7 or 25.4 mm. Regression analysis of soil salinity and turf quality suggested that turf quality of creeping bentgrass mowed to 6.4, 12.7, and 25.4 mm fell to an unacceptable level when soil salinity reached 4.1, 12.5, and 13.9 dS·m-1, respectively. Data on turf quality, clipping yield, and verdure indicated that salinity damage becomes more severe under close mowing conditions and that a moderate increase in mowing height could improve salinity tolerance of creeping bentgrass.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Responses of Creeping Bentgrass to Salinity and Mowing Management: Growth and Turf Quality

Fu¹,

Koski²,

Qian³

2005

HortSci

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“…For the 8-10wk and 16-20wk evaluations, plants were prepared for imaging by briefly soaking in a water bath to remove any medium adhering to the roots, then specimens were placed on a horizontal light table to capture the video image. Image analysis area measurements have been highly correlated with dry mass measurements [8], and were used to estimate root:shoot ratios at the 8-10 and 16-20 wk evaluations. For anatomical measurements, root sections were viewed with a video camera mounted on the inverted microscope, and dimensional data was recorded directly from the root section image projected on the video monitor.…”

Section: Evaluation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of in vitro and ex vitro root initiation on subsequent microcutting root quality in three woody plants

McClelland

Smith

Carothers

1990

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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In vitro-and ex vitro-rooted microcuttings of Acer rubrum L. 'Red Sunset', Betula nigra L., and Malus × -domestiea Borkh 'McIntosh' were distinguished by several important anatomical and morphological properties which continued to regulate both root system and whole plant quality in later stages of production. In vitro microcuttings formed adventitious roots in greater number and more quickly than ex vitro microcuttings. Roots produced in vitro were characterized by extremely enlarged cortical cells and, consequently, had a much greater diameter than ex vitro roots. However, the vascular system of in vitro roots was underdeveloped (primary vascular tissues only) as compared to ex vitro roots, which produced vascular cambium and secondary growth during the same early stage of production. At least 50% of the post-transplant in vitro adventitious roots either died immediately, or temporarily persisted during acclimatization without producing any further growth. For the surviving in vitro-produced roots, the cortex partially collapsed after transplant, and new root extensions with ex vitro-like structure were produced. Only then did the in vitro portion of the root begin to form secondary vascular tissues. Shoots from in vitro treatments continued to grow vigorously during adventitious root initiation and during acclimatization, so that the plants were significantly taller and had a greater shoot area than those receiving comparable ex vitro rooting treatment. In vitro rooting led to a horizontal root morphology which continued to distinguish these treatments from ex vitro rooted plants during later stages of production, when anatomical differences in the roots could no longer be detected.

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“…Tyerman et al (1984) found short-term increases in cell osmolality with increasing salinity that correlated with increases in sodium, potassium and chloride ions. Meyer et al (1989) compared longer-term osmotic responses of two species of grasses to different salinities after 4 and 8 weeks exposure; osmolality increased with salinity, but the data for the two exposure periods were almost identical. This implies that once the osmotic potential of the plant has adjusted to the external medium, it stabilizes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological effects of short-term salinity changes on Ruppia maritima

2003

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Changes in Ruppia maritima L. leaf-tissue osmolality, compatible solute synthesis in leaf tissues, and maximum effective quantum yield in response to short-term changes in salinity were investigated. Plants cultured at 20‰ S were exposed to 0‰ S, 10‰ S (half-ambient), 20‰ S (ambient), and 40‰ S (twice-ambient) salinities. Total and non-vacuolar leaf osmolality for cultured plants significantly decreased (total: from 1464 ± 266 to 712 ± 210 mmol kg −1 ; non-vacuolar: from 880 ± 108 to 257 ± 80 mmol kg −1 ) or increased (total: from 1464 to 2532 ± 673 mmol kg −1 , non-vacuolar from 880 to 1168 ± 15 mmol kg −1 ), within 1 min of exposure to 0 and 40‰ S, respectively. After the initial rapid change in leaf osmolality, values were relatively constant for the first 180 min of exposure. Osmolality then changed again over the period from 1 to 2 days post-treatment with values again increasing (40‰ S: total = 3152 ± 335 mmol kg −1 , non-vacuolar = 1967 ± 103 mmol kg −1 ) or decreasing (0‰ S: total = 357 ± 46 mmol kg −1 , non-vacuolar = 74 ± 32 mmol kg −1 ) with salinity. Soluble and total carbohydrates in leaf tissues responded differently to changing salinity. Total carbohydrates decreased by 65%, while soluble levels increased by 34%, in high salinity. Total and soluble proline levels increased (63 and 18%, respectively), and decreased (−36 and −20% for 10‰ S; −72 and −32% for 0‰ S, respectively), with salinity. These results suggest that both proline and soluble carbohydrates act as compatible solutes. Maximum quantum yields (F v /F m ) were measured over a 48 h period in response to changes in medium salinity and inorganic carbon (ambient and ∼2.0 mM bicarbonate-equilibrium treatments). F v /F m exhibited significant variation in response to salinity, bicarbonate-level and time as main effects, with significant interactions. Quantum yields were lowest in the 0 and 40‰ S treatments; the 10 and 20‰ S treatments had significantly higher quantum yields. These short-term responses indicated that both increases and reductions of external ion concentrations are initially stressful for R. maritima, but that it can physiologically adjust after several days.

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Salinity effects on St. Augustinegrass: A novel system to quantify stress response¹

Cited by 25 publications

References 16 publications

Responses of Creeping Bentgrass to Salinity and Mowing Management: Growth and Turf Quality

Responses of Creeping Bentgrass to Salinity and Mowing Management: Growth and Turf Quality

The effects of in vitro and ex vitro root initiation on subsequent microcutting root quality in three woody plants

Physiological effects of short-term salinity changes on Ruppia maritima

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Salinity effects on St. Augustinegrass: A novel system to quantify stress response1

Cited by 25 publications

References 16 publications

Responses of Creeping Bentgrass to Salinity and Mowing Management: Growth and Turf Quality

Responses of Creeping Bentgrass to Salinity and Mowing Management: Growth and Turf Quality

The effects of in vitro and ex vitro root initiation on subsequent microcutting root quality in three woody plants

Physiological effects of short-term salinity changes on Ruppia maritima

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Salinity effects on St. Augustinegrass: A novel system to quantify stress response¹