Saliva Diagnostics for Oral Diseases

Zhang, Xi; Kulasinghe, Arutha; Karim, Rafid

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45399-5_7

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…Moreover, tissue's cell composition can vary in response to various factors including age, gender genetic variations and health status (reviewed by ref. ).…”

Section: Salivary Dna Methylationmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…One of the most important advantages of saliva over blood is the ease of collection, facilitating multiple collections in 1 day, or even over shorter time periods. Apart from the fact that it is more comfortable to take a saliva sample, repeated sampling is usually more practical than blood as (i) there is no need for the addition of an anticoagulant to avoid clotting upon collection and (ii) the risk of disease transmission that can occur when in contact or via needle prick is lower than with blood sampling . In addition, no specially trained (para)medical personnel is required and, with appropriate instructions and attention to sample collection, an individual is able to self‐collect multiple samples for clinical and research purposes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Salivary DNA Methylation Profiling: Aspects to Consider for Biomarker Identification

Langie

Moisse

Declerck

et al. 2017

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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Is it not more comfortable to spit saliva in a tube than to be pricked with a needle to draw blood to analyse your health and disease risk? Many patients, study participants and (parents of) young children undoubtedly prefer non‐invasive and convenient procedures. Such procedures increase compliance rates especially for longitudinal prospective studies. Saliva is an attractive biofluid providing good quality DNA to study epigenetic mechanisms underlying disease across development. In this MiniReview, we will describe the different applications of saliva in the field of epigenetics, focusing on genomewide methylation analysis. Advantages of the use of saliva and its comparability with blood will be discussed, as will the challenges in data processing and interpretation. Knowledge gaps will be identified and suggestions given on how to improve the analysis, making saliva ‘the’ biofluid of choice for future biomarker initiatives in many different epidemiological and public health studies.

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“…Moreover, tissue's cell composition can vary in response to various factors including age, gender genetic variations and health status (reviewed by ref. ).…”

Section: Salivary Dna Methylationmentioning

confidence: 97%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Salivary DNA Methylation Profiling: Aspects to Consider for Biomarker Identification

Langie

Moisse

Declerck

et al. 2017

Basic Clin Pharma Tox

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“…Oral fluids have been shown to contain different analytes such as hormones, steroids, antibodies, growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and drugs, which may reflect local and systemic disease states [ 7 – 10 ]. They also contain whole cells, genetic materials and proteins that may reflect cellular alterations in pathogen-infected cells [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A pilot study to compare the detection of HPV-16 biomarkers in salivary oral rinses with tumour p16INK4a expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients

et al. 2016

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BackgroundHuman papilloma virus-16 (HPV-16) infection is a major risk factor for a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), in particular oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Current techniques for assessing the HPV-16 status in HNSCC include the detection of HPV-16 DNA and p16INK4a expression in tumor tissues. When tumors originate from hidden anatomical sites, this method can be challenging. A non-invasive and cost-effective alternative to biopsy is therefore desirable for HPV-16 detection especially within a community setting to screen at-risk individuals.MethodsThe present study compared detection of HPV-16 DNA and RNA in salivary oral rinses with tumor p16INK4a status, in 82 HNSCC patients using end-point and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).ResultsOf 42 patients with p16INK4a-positive tumours, 39 (sensitivity = 92.9 %, PPV = 100 % and NPV = 93 %) had oral rinse samples with detectable HPV-16 DNA, using end-point and quantitative PCR. No HPV-16 DNA was detected in oral rinse samples from 40 patients with p16INK4a negative tumours, yielding a test specificity of 100 %. For patients with p16INK4a positive tumours, HPV-16 mRNA was detected using end-point reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) in 24/40 (sensitivity = 60 %, PPV = 100 % and NPV = 71 %), and using quantitative RT-PCR in 22/40 (sensitivity = 55 %, PPV = 100 % and NPV = 69 %). No HPV-16 mRNA was detected in oral rinse samples from the p16INK4a-negative patients, yielding a specificity of 100 %.ConclusionsWe demonstrate that the detection of HPV-16 DNA in salivary oral rinse is indicative of HPV status in HNSCC patients and can potentially be used as a diagnostic tool in addition to the current methods.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2217-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Saliva diagnostics are an intuitive and comprehensive approach for oral diseases (Zhang et al , ), and they have recently emerged as a method for determining general health status without the invasiveness of traditional methods (Punyadeera and Slowey, ; Schafer et al , ). Metabolomic and bioinformatic approaches are bringing these applications even closer (Ai et al , ; Zhang et al , ).…”

Section: Lipid Mediators In Body Fluidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of inflammation by lipid mediators in oral diseases

Sommakia

Baker

2016

Oral Diseases

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Lipid mediators (LM) of inflammation are a class of compounds derived from ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids that play a wide role in modulating inflammatory responses. Some LM possess pro-inflammatory properties, while others possess pro-resolving characteristics, and the class switch from pro-inflammatory to pro-resolving is crucial for tissue homeostasis. In this article, we review the major classes of LM, focusing on their biosynthesis and signaling pathways, and their role in systemic and, especially, oral health and disease. We discuss the detection of these LM in various body fluids, focusing on diagnostic and therapeutic applications. We also present data showing gender-related differences in salivary LM levels in healthy controls, leading to a hypothesis on the etiology of inflammatory diseases, particularly, Sjögren’s Syndrome. We conclude by enumerating open areas of research where further investigation of LM is likely to result in therapeutic and diagnostic advances.

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Saliva Diagnostics for Oral Diseases

Cited by 6 publications

References 112 publications

Salivary DNA Methylation Profiling: Aspects to Consider for Biomarker Identification

Salivary DNA Methylation Profiling: Aspects to Consider for Biomarker Identification

A pilot study to compare the detection of HPV-16 biomarkers in salivary oral rinses with tumour p16INK4a expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients

Regulation of inflammation by lipid mediators in oral diseases

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