Saliva in the “Omics” era: A promising tool in paediatrics

Pappa, Eftychia; Kousvelari, Eleni E.; Vastardis, Heleni

doi:10.1111/odi.12886

Cited by 57 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…The wide range of saliva biomolecules, including low-molecular-weight compounds (the metabolome), is known to relate to physiological status, thus potentially providing useful data regarding oral and systemic diseases (Pappa, Kousvelari, & Vastardis, 2018;Zhang et al, 2014), while benefitting from non-invasive sampling (Granger et al, 2007). Several metabolomic studies have addressed caries dynamics, using mass spectrometry (MS) or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (Emwas, Salek, Griffin, & Merzaban, 2013;Nascimento, Zaura, Mira, Takahashi, & Ten Cate, 2017).…”

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confidence: 99%

Saliva NMR metabolomics: Analytical issues in pediatric oral health research

et al. 2019

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Objectives Saliva metabolome is a promising diagnostic tool concerning oral and systemic diseases. We aimed at establishing a suitable protocol for saliva collection and gauging the relative impacts of gender, dentition stage, and caries on the saliva metabolome of a small children cohort. Subjects and methods A nuclear magnetic resonance‐based metabolomics cross‐sectional study of children saliva (n = 38) compared the effects of: (a) stimulation and unstimulation conditions, and (b) collection through passive drool and using an absorbing device. Multivariate and univariate statistical analyses were applied to evaluate such effects and those related to gender, dentition stage and caries. Results No significant differences were found between unstimulated and stimulated saliva, and the former was used for subsequent studies. Swab collection induced significant changes in sample composition, indicating passive drool as preferential. The impacts of gender and dentition stage were not significant compared to that of caries, which induced variations in the levels of 21 metabolites. These comprised amino acids and monosaccharides observed for the first time to our knowledge regarding children caries, suggesting protein hydrolysis and deglycosylation. Conclusions Unstimulated passive drool saliva metabolome may carry a caries signature.

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confidence: 99%

Saliva NMR metabolomics: Analytical issues in pediatric oral health research

et al. 2019

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“…GCF best reflects local periodontal responses since the fluid is derived from the gingival extracellular fluid (Greabu et al, 2009). Fortunately, this quantification has recently been made more efficient by advances in the technologies for detecting small concentrations in low fluid volumes which had been the main challenges in analysing oral GCF (Matczuk et al, 2017; Pappa et al, 2018). Our findings demonstrate that parallel analyses of both fluids give important additional information as also observed in previous studies (Matczuk et al, 2017; Pappa et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both saliva and GCF have been investigated for the measurement of inflammatory processes in the periodontal tissues and were considered superior to serum analysis (Jaedicke, Preshaw, & Taylor, 2016; Taylor & Preshaw, 2016). In addition, saliva has long been proposed as a diagnostic tool with proven effectiveness for investigations of several other systemic conditions (Khaitan, Kabiraj, Bhattacharya, Ginjupally, & Jha, 2015; Lima et al, 2010; Matczuk, Zendzian‐Piotrowska, Maciejczyk, & Kurek, 2017; Pappa, Kousvelari, & Vastardis, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory mediators in saliva and gingival fluid of children with congenital heart defect

et al. 2020

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Objectives (a) To compare levels of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory mediators in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in children with and without congenital heart defects (CHD cases and controls) and to test whether a systemic component exists in CHD cases by controlling for gingivitis and plaque scores. (b) To correlate the levels of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory mediators in GCF and saliva with plaque bacterial composition among CHD cases and controls. Materials and Methods Whole un‐stimulated saliva and GCF samples were collected (60 CHD cases, 60 controls [Sudan]) and were analysed for levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1ra (IL‐1ra) and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) levels. These levels were correlated with the previously reported levels of four red complex bacteria. Results Significantly elevated levels of PGE2 and IL‐1β in GCF and IL‐1β and TNF‐α in saliva were detected among CHD cases compared with controls. General linear model (GLM) analyses revealed that PGE2 and IL‐1β levels remained significantly higher in GCF and saliva samples, respectively, among CHD cases after controlling for gingivitis and plaque score, whereas TNF‐α and IL‐10 levels were significantly lower in their GCF samples. Additionally, IL‐1β level was significantly positively correlated to the counts of the four red complex species in their GCF. Conclusion In addition to higher levels of some pro‐inflammatory mediators in saliva and GCF corresponding to more gingivitis in CHD cases, also a systemic inflammatory component exists and is reflected in these two oral fluids.

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“…The varnishes used contained 5% sodium uoride, equivalent to 22,600 ppm or 1.19 M of uoride, and calcium phosphate in two chemical forms: CPP-ACP and fTCP. In vitro studies have demonstrated their preventive and remineralizing capacity as they generate supersaturated calcium and phosphate solutions in bio lm and saliva (16) , (24) , (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Fluoride and Calcium Phosphate-Based Varnishes on pH, Lactic Acid and Trace Elements in Saliva: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Poza-Pascual

Muñoz

Silva

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract Background: When dental plaque is not regularly removed, bacteria break down sugars in the diet forming acids as by-products. Lactic acid is the main acid involved in caries. As acids accumulate minerals are lost from the surface layer of the tooth. The imbalance in demineralization/remineralization favours the loss of calcium and phosphate from the teeth. Saliva contains the most important microelements for the remineralization and maturation of dental tissue and plays a crucial role in maintaining the oral environment. Fluoride is the agent par excellence in preventing and detaining cavities. However, remineralization may be hampered by limited levels of calcium and phosphate, and new products have been developed to ensure a constant supply. Two of the most used products are amorphous calcium phosphate stabilized with casein phosphopeptide (CPP-ACP) and tricalcium phosphate modified by fumaric acid (fTCP).Methods: We conducted a controlled, randomized clinical trial of the effect on the saliva of the application of two varnishes − MI Varnish (CPP-ACP with sodium fluoride 5%) and Clinpro White Varnish (fTCP with sodium fluoride 5%) – applied every three months in children with a high risk of caries, for 12 months. We included 58 children aged 4-12 years, assigned to control (placebo), Clinpro and MI groups. Baseline and three-monthly saliva samples were taken. We assessed changes in pH, lactic acid concentrations and trace elements in saliva.Results: At 12 months, all groups showed a nonsignificant increase in pH levels and a reduction in lactic acid, which was greatest in the placebo group. There was a significant reduction in 24Mg, 31P and 66Zn levels in the placebo group (p≤0.05), but not in the other elements studied: 23Na, 27Al, 39K, 44Ca, 52Cr, 55Mn, 57Fe, 59Co, 63Cu, 75As, 111Cd, 137Ba, 208Pb and 19F.Conclusions: Neither pH, lactic acid concentrations or most salivary trace elements were useful in defining patients at high risk of caries or in monitoring the effect of MI Varnish and Clinpro White Varnish after three-monthly application for 12 months.Trial registration: ISRCTN13681286. Registered 26 May 2020 - Retrospectively registered, http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN13681286

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Saliva in the “Omics” era: A promising tool in paediatrics

Cited by 57 publications

References 73 publications

Saliva NMR metabolomics: Analytical issues in pediatric oral health research

Saliva NMR metabolomics: Analytical issues in pediatric oral health research

Inflammatory mediators in saliva and gingival fluid of children with congenital heart defect

Effects of Fluoride and Calcium Phosphate-Based Varnishes on pH, Lactic Acid and Trace Elements in Saliva: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

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