Saliva Preparation Method Exploration for ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy: Towards Bio-fluid Based Disease Diagnosis

Paschotto, Daniele Riêra; Pupin, Breno; Bhattacharjee, Tanmoy; Soares, Luís Eduardo Silva

doi:10.2116/analsci.20p029

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Different absorption bands related to biological samples, such as lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids, are evidenced. In Figure 2 , each assignment to the detected bands is presented [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Herein, the bands associated with amide II, lipid and protein, lipid/protein, amide III proteins, and carbohydrates showed a greater absorbance in the V-COVID-19 group.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Immune Response in Vaccinated People Positive and Negative to SARS-CoV-2 Employing FTIR Spectroscopy

Vázquez-Zapién

Martínez-Cuazitl

Sánchez-Brito

et al. 2022

Cells

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Various immunopathological events characterize the systemic acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Moreover, it has been reported that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and infection by SARS-CoV-2 induce humoral immunity mediated by B-cell-derived antibodies and cellular immunity mediated by T cells and memory B cells. Immunoglobulins, cytokines, and chemokines play an important role in shaping immunity in response to infection and vaccination. Furthermore, different vaccines have been developed to prevent COVID-19. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze and compare Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of vaccinated people with a positive (V-COVID-19 group) or negative (V-Healthy group) real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) test, evaluating the immunoglobulin and cytokine content as an immunological response through FTIR spectroscopy. Most individuals that integrated the V-Healthy group (88.1%) were asymptomatic; on the contrary, only 28% of the V-COVID-19 group was asymptomatic. Likewise, 68% of the V-COVID-19 group had at least one coexisting illness. Regarding the immunological response analyzed through FTIR spectroscopy, the V-COVID-19 group showed a greater immunoglobulins G, A, and M (IgG, IgA, and IgM) content, as well as the analyzed cytokines interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-ɑ), and interleukins 1β, 6, and 10 (IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10). Therefore, we can state that it was possible to detect biochemical changes through FTIR spectroscopy associated with COVID-19 immune response in vaccinated people.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Immune Response in Vaccinated People Positive and Negative to SARS-CoV-2 Employing FTIR Spectroscopy

Vázquez-Zapién

Martínez-Cuazitl

Sánchez-Brito

et al. 2022

Cells

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show abstract

“…In Fig. 2, each assignment to the detected bands is presented [12][13][14]. Herein, the bands associated with amide II, lipid and protein, lipid/protein, amide III proteins, and carbohydrates showed a greater absorbance in the V-COVID-19 group.…”

Section: Analysis Of Medical Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the immunological and T-cell responses in vaccinated people positive and negative to SARS-CoV-2 employing FTIR spectroscopy

Mata-Miranda¹,

Martínez-Cuazitl²,

Sánchez-Brito

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Various immunopathological events characterize the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nevertheless, it has been reported that T cell response against SARS-CoV-2 is predominated by CD4+ T cells, which could be related to the compromised long-lasting protection. Furthermore, different vaccines have been developed to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, this research aimed to analyze and compare Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of vaccinated people with a positive (V-COVID-19 group) or negative (V-Healthy group) qPCR test, evaluating the long-lasting immune and T-cell responses through FTIR spectroscopy. Most individuals that integrated the V-Healthy group (88.1%) were asymptomatic; contrary, only 28% of the V-COVID-19 were asymptomatic. Likewise, 68% of the V-COVID-19 group had at least one coexisting illness. About the immunological and T-cell responses analyzed through FTIR spectroscopy, the V-COVID-19 group showed a greater content of IgG and IgA as well as the analyzed cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1 β, IL-6, and IL-10). Therefore, it was possible to evaluate in saliva the long-lasting immune and T-cell responses through FTIR spectroscopy, showing a statistical significance between the groups. Moreover, we corroborated that the protective role of vaccination is not only by antibodies; the vaccine-induced T cells might contribute to vaccine efficacy against viral variants.

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“…Human saliva (HS) was collected voluntarily from 15 female and 15 male individuals within the age group of 20–30 living in Khobar, Saudi Arabia, adopting the procedure presented in an earlier study . Informed consent of the volunteers was obtained verbally and in written toward agreeing to publish the outcome of the research study.…”

Section: Experimental and Numerical Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Mechanism of Human Saliva Interaction with Environmental Dust in Relation to Spreading of Viruses

et al. 2021

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Environmental effects such as dust mitigation can amplify the spread of viruses via inhaling infected dust particles. Infusion and the spreading rate of human saliva over the dust particles can play a critical role in contiguous virus spread. In the present study, mechanical and chemical interactions of human saliva with environmental dust particles are considered. The saliva droplet impact on dust particles is examined while mimicking saliva droplet spreading during coughing in a dusty ambience. The mechanisms of saliva infusion and cloaking on the dust particles are explored. The characteristics of saliva droplet normal and oblique impacts on a dust particle are examined experimentally and numerically to evaluate the amount of saliva residues on the impacted particle surface. The findings reveal that the saliva liquid infuses and cloaks the dust particle surfaces. The saliva droplet impact on the dust particles leaves a considerable amount of saliva residues on the impacted surfaces, which remain undried for a prolonged period in indoor environments. Weak adhesion of the saliva-infected dust particles on surfaces, such as glass surfaces, enables saliva-infected dust particles to rejoin neighboring ambient air while possessing a high potential for virus spreading.

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Saliva Preparation Method Exploration for ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy: Towards Bio-fluid Based Disease Diagnosis

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Comparison of the Immune Response in Vaccinated People Positive and Negative to SARS-CoV-2 Employing FTIR Spectroscopy

Comparison of the Immune Response in Vaccinated People Positive and Negative to SARS-CoV-2 Employing FTIR Spectroscopy

Comparison of the immunological and T-cell responses in vaccinated people positive and negative to SARS-CoV-2 employing FTIR spectroscopy

On the Mechanism of Human Saliva Interaction with Environmental Dust in Relation to Spreading of Viruses

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