Salivary and serum aspartate aminotransferases and alanine aminotransferases in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and normal children: A comparative study

Abstract

Aims and Objectives:The aim of the study was to estimate and compare aspartate aminotransferases (AST) and alanine aminotransferases (ALT) levels in saliva and serum of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and normal children, and the objective was to evaluate the significance of these enzymes in assessing the salivary gland injury in IDDM children.Materials and Methods:The study group comprised of thirty children clinically and biochemically diagnosed for IDDM and thirty healthy children of similar age in the control group. Saliva and serum samples were collected and enzyme assay was performed by optimized ultraviolet test method (according to International Federation of Clinical Chemistry). The values obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using Mann–Whitney U-test for comparison of the variables and Karl–Pearson's coefficient test for correlation. The SPSS 16.0, (SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA) was used for statistical analysis.Results:Higher values of AST (mean = saliva 91.60 IU/L) and ALT (mean = saliva 94.93 IU/L) were found in the saliva than in serum (AST serum = 15.83 IU/L) (ALT serum = 20.80 IU/L) among the patients and the differences were statistically highly significant (P = 0.001). A similar comparison in the control group did not show statistical significant difference (saliva – AST mean = 23.50 IU/L, ALT mean = 21.95 IU/L and serum – AST mean = 12.60 IU/L, ALT mean = 13.25 IU/L). On correlation between patient and normal group, greater values of AST and ALT were observed in saliva of patients and the difference was statistically highly significant ([AST-mean = patients 91.166 IU/L and controls = 23.500 IU/L] [ALT-mean = patients 94.933 IU/L and controls 21.950 IU/L]). The serum values of patients and controls did not show statistical difference. Although higher values of salivary ALT and AST were observed in patients with the disease for 0–5-year clinical duration (ALT mean = 100.21 IU/L and AST mean = 95.39 IU/L) than those with the disease for 6–10-year duration (ALT mean = 77.57 IU/L and AST mean = 77.28 IU/L), values were statistically nonsignificant.Conclusion:Elevated salivary AST and ALT levels in IDDM patients suggest the injury to salivary glands and could aid as a salivary marker for the involvement of salivary glands in IDDM.

Salivary and Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase and Alanine Aminotransferase in An Uncontrolled Diabetic Patients

“…In the present study, there was statistically significant difference in the salivary AST and ALT levels in type1 and type2 DM as compared to salivary level of the control group. This is in agreement with other studies which found salivary AST and ALT levels was higher in type1 compared with type 2 DM and to healthy control group (3,7,9) as they were found three fold and four fold elevation in salivary level of AST and ALT of type1 DM group as compared to control group, respectively, similar to the result of present study.…”

“…Aminotransferases or transaminases are set of enzymes that stimulate the conversion of amino acid and oxalo acid by transmitting of amino groups to alpha-keto acid, so they are included in metabolism of protein. These enzymes are found in many body organs such as skeletal muscle, kidney, brain, pancreas, lungs, blood cells with more frequently found in the liver and heart, so any injury to these organs result in output of these enzymes into the extra cellular fluid 7 .…”

Toxicological and pharmacological assessment of a multiherbal phytopharmaceutical on Triton X‐1339‐induced hyperlipidemia and allied biochemical dysfunctions

“…The effects of MHT on organ function markers and other biochemical indices suggest that it is without adverse effects in normal rats, and pharmacologically effective and without adverse side effects in hyperlipidemic rats with compromised cardiac, hepatic, and renal functions. Increased serum levels of creatinine, uric acid, and urea in triton‐toxified rats revealed renal damage (El‐Demerdash & Nasr, 2014; Josiah et al, 2019; Vinod et al, 2018). Like MHT, several plant and plant‐derived foods have been reported to afford protection against kidney damage (El‐Demerdash & Nasr, 2014; Yaribeygi, Simental‐Mendía, Butler, & Sahebkar, 2019).…”

“…Increase in HDL-C level and the reduction in levels of LDL-C, VLDL-C, TC, and TG in hyperlidemic rats post-treated with MHT is indicative of selective clearance of circulating atherogenic lipids. Nasr, 2014;Josiah et al, 2019;Vinod et al, 2018 Yaribeygi, Simental-Mendía, Butler, & Sahebkar, 2019).…”

“…MHT, multiherbal tea infusion; RVT, rosuvastatin; TRI, triton rats, and pharmacologically effective and without adverse side effects in hyperlipidemic rats with compromised cardiac, hepatic, and renal functions. Increased serum levels of creatinine, uric acid, and urea in triton-toxified rats revealed renal damage(El-Demerdash & Nasr, 2014;Josiah et al, 2019;Vinod et al, 2018). Like MHT, several plant and plant-derived foods have been reported to afford TA B L E 7 Effects of multiherbal tea infusion on hematological parameters of Triton X-1339-induced hyperlipidemic rats Histoarchitecture of H&E stained sections of the hepatic tissue of rats (×400).…”