Salivary flow rate and xerostomia in patients with type I and II diabetes mellitus

Abstract

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases, with complications such as decreased salivary flow rate and xerostomia.ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine the salivary flow rate and xerostomia in type I and II diabetic patients in comparison with healthy controls.MethodsThis case-control study was performed on diabetic patients of a private office in Babol, Iran, between May 2015 and October 2016. This study involved two study groups (type I and II diabetes, with 40 in each group) and two control groups (control I and II, with 35 in each group) which were age- and sex-matched with the related study groups. They were all selected through simple sampling. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected through Navazesh method and the salivary flow rate was measured (ml/min). Xerostomia was evaluated via Fox’s test. Moreover, the patients’ data were recorded including age, sex, disease duration, type of diabetes, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and HbA1C. The obtained data were statistically analyzed by using SPSS version 17. Independent-samples t-test, Chi-square, Pearson correlation and multiple comparison post-hoc tests were employed as appropriated. p<0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe mean salivary flow rate in type I diabetics (0.35±0.11 ml/min) was lower than that in control I (0.50±0.07 ml/min) (p=0.01). The same difference was observed between type II diabetics (0.37±0.13 ml/min) and control II groups (0.47±0.11 ml/min) (p=0.01). No significant difference was observed in the salivary flow rate between type I and II diabetics (p=0.345). Furthermore, xerostomia was higher in type I (2.70±2.50, 1.17±1.60) and II (2.65±2.20–1.62±1.50) diabetics compared with the related control groups (p=0.01), (p=0.02).ConclusionType I, II diabetic patients revealed lower salivary flow rate and higher xerostomia compared with healthy controls. The salivary flow rate and xerostomia had inverse correlation.

Disruption of tight junctions contributes to hyposalivation of salivary glands in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes

“…Diabetes is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases affecting millions of people (Cho et al , 2018). Dry mouth is a common complication of diabetes (Hoseini et al , 2017; Carramolino‐Cuellar et al , 2018; Pedersen et al , 2018). Studies show that the prevalence rate of dry mouth is up to 30%–80% in diabetes patients and only 10%–30% in healthy subjects (Carda et al , 2006; Ivanovski et al , 2012; Malicka et al , 2014).…”

Periodontal Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Its Relationship with Dry Mouth Condition

“…However, they did not report significant complaints of xerostomia (Chávez et al, 2001). Hoseini et al (2017) also reported lower salivary flow rate and higher xerostomia in DM patients compared to healthy controls. The underlying aetiology of xerostomia may be due to systemic diseases such as endocrine, autoimmune, infectious, and granulomatous diseases (Millsop et al, 2017).…”

Relationship Between Glycemic Control and Coated Tongue in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Xerostomia

“…The majority of subjects who experienced coated tongue were poor glycemic control level group (Table 2). Glycemic control plays a key role in the initiation and development of many signs and symptoms [14]. Previous studies have shown a decrease in salivary secretion in diabetes mellitus patients with poor glycemic control levels compared with the good and moderate glycemic control levels.…”

“…Among the several reasons which contribute to the decreased salivary flow rate in diabetes mellitus patients are pathologic changes in the structure of salivary glands neuropathy of the sympathetic and parasympathetic system, and microvascular disorders that disrupt saliva production. Additionally, following the hyperglycemia and glucosuria, body fluids are more excreted, and subsequently, secretion of saliva is reduced [14].…”