Salivary Gland Protein Repertoire fromAedes aegyptiMosquitoes

Abstract

Diseases caused by arthropod-borne viruses are a significant threat to the health of human and animal populations throughout the world. Better knowledge of the molecules synthesized in the salivary gland and saliva of hematophagous arthropods could be of use for improving the control of pathogen transmission. Recently, a sialome analysis of three Aedes aegypti mosquito colonies (PAEA, Rockefeller, and Formosus) carried out in our laboratory allowed us to identify 44 saliva proteins. Of these secreted proteins, none was exclusively expressed in one colony, suggesting that expression of salivary proteins is highly conserved across populations. In another study, we reported that some of these salivary proteins could be used as the genus-specific markers for travelers' exposure to mosquito vectors. Here, comparison of salivary gland protein profiles between these same three Ae. aegypti colonies was performed using the one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) difference gel electrophoresis method. As observed at the saliva level, no significant differences were detected between these three colonies. The salivary gland protein repertoire from the Ae. aegypti mosquito was analyzed using a proteomic approach. One hundred and twenty proteins were identified in these salivary glands representing the largest description of the Ae. aegypti salivary gland protein catalog. We succeeded in identifying 15 secreted proteins, some of which have already been reported as being involved in blood feeding. A comparison of the proteins identified between the salivary glands and the sialome is discussed.

Effect of Dengue-2 Virus Infection on Protein Expression in the Salivary Glands of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

“…In addition, as others have noted in Drosophila melanogaster infected with Drosophila C virus, activation of host gene expression at the transcriptional level does not always provide evidence of equivalent translation of the corresponding proteins. 12,20,[31][32][33] Another functional explanation for our finding of a disparity between the number of down-regulated and up-regulated proteins may be the differences between salivary gland-specific analysis at the time point of 10 days post-exposure (DPE) and the generalized expression differences found throughout the carcass at that same time point. In this way, the different tissues in the carcass of the mosquito at 10 DPE were in varying states of viral infection (uninfected/infected/recovering) and therefore, had variable transcriptional responses to DENV infection, whereas the salivary glands themselves were the site of sustained viral infection.…”

“…aegypti salivary glands at a transcriptional level and the expressed protein level and even discerned the function of various salivary components. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] Others have attempted to define the effect that DENV has on the salivary gland proteome in silico or by one-dimensional gel electrophoresis without identifying individual proteins by mass spectrometry. 24,25 Similarly, another group has looked at the salivary glands of Ae.…”

Mosquito Bite Delivery of Dengue Virus Enhances Immunogenicity and Pathogenesis in Humanized Mice

“…6; the differences (total versus dengue specific) illustrate how some of the IgM levels are likely specific for saliva components. At present, we cannot evaluate the fraction of antibodies made specifically against mosquito saliva components, since it is technically difficult to obtain sufficient salivary secretions to use as antigens in an ELISA (potentially thousands of mosquitoes need to be salivated, at 1 to 2 g/ml of protein per mosquito) (2). It is also unclear if these antibodies to mosquito saliva impact DENV disease, as few studies have addressed this issue, with inconclusive results (35,59).…”

Immunogenity of Protein Extract from Salivary Gland of Anopheles aconitus in Malaria Endemic Area

“…aconitus antara lain ~284, 100, 84, 75, 66, 57, 53, 48, 45, 38, 33, 29, 15, 14, dan 11 kDa. Beberapa penelitian terdahulu misalnya penelitian Almeras et al, (2010); Calvo et al, (2009);Champagne et al, (1995); Fontaine et al, 2010;James et al, (1994) Berdasarkan data nama dan berat molekul protein pada Tabel 1, protein D7 family merupakan protein yang memiliki fungsi sebagai vasodilator, antikoagulan dan immunomodulator.…”