Salivary Glands’ Anatomy and Physiology

Contreras-Aguilar, María Dolores; Gómez-García, Francisco

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-37681-9_1

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…On the other hand, the parotid duct in camels opens farther caudally opposite the fourth or fifth maxillary molar (cheek) tooth where it opens into the buccal vestibule. 44 Due to the longer jaws of camels in comparison to horses, the anterior teeth receive little to none of the parotid's salivary secretion and may rely solely on the salivary contributions of the mandibular and sublingual glands for protection against acidic carious attacks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Role of Inorganic Elements of Camelus Dromedarius Saliva in Protecting Enamel Against Tooth Surface Loss

Al Razaiki,

Al Khaldi,

Al Harthy

et al. 2023

J Vet Dent

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The aim of this study was to provide insight into the role of camel's saliva in protecting enamel against erosion and to evaluate the levels of salivary sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate ions among 2 groups of camels, those with low-grade tooth surface loss and those with high-grade tooth surface loss. Twenty-eight healthy camels, 5 males and 23 females, aged 20 months to 10 years, were divided into 2 groups. Group I comprise camels with “low-grade tooth surface loss” and Group 2 with “high-grade tooth surface loss.” Unstimulated saliva was collected by a draining method. The samples were then analyzed for sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate concentrations using automated chemistry analysis. Data were then statistically analyzed using the unpaired Student's t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient test. The study found the salivary calcium and phosphate concentrations were significantly lower in the “high-grade” erosion group, in comparison with the other group ( P < .0001 and P = .0257, respectively). The results also revealed that the more extensive the tooth surface loss, the more carious lesions the subject had ( P = .023), and that caries are more common in the anterior teeth, particularly the incisors. The authors conclude that alterations in inorganic elements of saliva, particularly the calcium and phosphate ions, play a major role in the development of resistance to tooth surface loss. This work may represent a direction for future research to develop custom-made preventive supplements, which can protect camelid teeth against tooth surface loss.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the Role of Inorganic Elements of Camelus Dromedarius Saliva in Protecting Enamel Against Tooth Surface Loss

Al Razaiki,

Al Khaldi,

Al Harthy

et al. 2023

J Vet Dent

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“…In our study, various salivary stress biomarkers such as sCor, sAA, BChE, and TEA showed higher values the day of calving compared to prepartum and/or postpartum. Increases of the glucocorticoids and catecholamines around the time of calving by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activation are associated with the delivery mechanisms [ 22 , 24 ] and could produce increases in cortisol and sAA [ 25 ]. BChE is also associated with the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in human beings [ 26 ] and increases in acute stress situations in pigs [ 27 , 28 ], sheep [ 11 ], and horses [ 12 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Saliva Analytes in Dairy Cows during Peripartum: A Pilot Study

Contreras-Aguilar

Vallejo-Mateo

Lamy

et al. 2021

Animals

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This pilot study aimed to study the possible changes in a profile of 26 salivary analytes in thirteen healthy dairy cows along their peripartum period. Analytes associated with the stress (salivary cortisol, salivary alpha-amylase, butyrylcholinesterase, and total esterase), inflammation (adenosine deaminase), oxidative status (total antioxidant capacity and the advanced oxidation protein products), and general metabolism (creatine kinase, γ-glutamyl transferase, urea, triglycerides, glucose, and lactate) varied along the sampling times. A positive correlation between the white blood cells counts, and the lipase, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, advanced oxidation protein products, and lactate levels in saliva were observed at the delivery. A linear association between selected salivary analytes at different sampling times and the milk yield after calving was observed. In conclusion, in our experimental conditions, it was observed that the peripartum period in dairy cows can induce changes in salivary analytes. Some of them were associated with inflammatory status and the capacity of milk production after calving.

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“…5 . All of these components can be responsible for the different physiological effects that saliva exerts in the body such as oral lubrication, digestion, immunity, and the overall maintenance of homeostasis 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 All of these components can be responsible for the different physiological effects that saliva exerts in the body such as oral lubrication, digestion, immunity, and the overall maintenance of homeostasis. 6 Additionally, in recent years, there has been an increase in evidence of the relationship between saliva and oral sensory perception. 7 Among the more extensively investigated direct roles of saliva in some oral textural, trigeminal and gustative sensations, saliva could also affect the retronasal perception of odorant molecules in the mouth during food and beverage intake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%