Salivary Heparanase Level Is a Potential Biomarker to Diagnose and Prognose the Malignant Salivary Gland Tumor

Abstract

BackgroundUpregulation of heparanase has been reported in an increasing number of human cancer tissues. However, the level of salivary heparanase and its clinical significance in patients with salivary gland tumors remain unclear.MethodsSalivary heparanase levels in patients with salivary gland tumors were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and the clinical significance was evaluated by analyzing the correlations among salivary heparanase levels, clinicopathological parameters, and clinical outcomes.ResultsThe levels of salivary heparanase were significantly higher in patients with malignant salivary gland tumors than in benign tumors and normal controls (P<0.0001). High salivary heparanase levels were positively correlated with increased lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0235) and poorer tumor node metastasis stage (TNM) (P = 0.0183). Survival analyses revealed that high salivary heparanase levels were associated with worse overall survival (P = 0.0023) and disease-free survival (DFS) (P = 0.0025).ConclusionsThe study shows that salivary heparanase levels, as detected by the ELISAs, can be used to diagnose and provide an accurate prognosis for malignant salivary gland tumors. Salivary heparanase level was an independent predictor in patients with malignant salivary gland tumors.

Heparanase: A Rainbow Pharmacological Target Associated to Multiple Pathologies Including Rare Diseases

“…Very interest-ingly, heparanase has also a prognostic value; in fact, strong expression of this enzyme is often associated with a less favorable prognosis for patients with different types of tumors. To this regard, heparanase expression level has been recently proposed as a potential biomarker associated with oral cavity tumors [223,224].…”

The Heparanase Regulatory Network in Health and Disease

“…Furthermore, in a clinical cohort of gastric cancer patients with H. pylori infection, heparanase expression correlated with poor overall survival and relapse-free survival [113]. A negative correlation between heparanase expression and cancer survival has been shown many times previously [143][144][145]. In the context of chronic bacterial and viral infections that can contribute to tumorigenesis, heparanase expression during this inflammatory pre-tumorigenic phase is likely a driver of tumorigenesis.…”

B-cell specific Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion site 1 contributes to invasion, metastasis, and poor prognosis in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma

“… 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 Because of the unique advantages of saliva testing, such as noninvasiveness, pain-free, ease of collection, and affordability, compared to histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and other diagnostic methods, it has been widely utilized to diagnose numerous cancers. 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 Our results showed that the salivary BMI-1 levels in SACC patients with local invasion or distant metastasis were significantly higher than in SACC patients without invasion or metastasis. These results were consistent with the findings in tumor tissues of endometrial adenocarcinoma, gastric cancer, and pancreatic cancer.…”