Salivary inflammatory mediators and metalloproteinase 3 in patients with chronic severe periodontitis before and after periodontal phase I therapy

Abstract

Background: The role of IL-1β, PGE 2 and MMP-3 in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease is well researched. This study aimed to asses and compared the salivary IL-1β, PGE 2 and MMP-3 levels in patients with untreated chronic severe periodontitis and those treated with periodontal phase I therapy and periodontally healthy individuals as controls, in relationship to the presence of salivary anti-β 1 IgA. Methods: A total of 30 subjects participate in the study: 15 subjects had chronic severe periodontitis and 15 were healthy individuals used as a control. After saliva collection and its purification, we quantify by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) procedure using as coating antigen a synthetic β 1 peptide with an amino acid sequence identical to the second extracellular loop of the human β 1 adrenoceptor (β 1 AR), the presence of anti β 1 AR antibody (IgA) in the saliva of patients and healthy individuals. Also, IL-1β, PGE 2 , nitrites and metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) were assessed using ELISA) assay. Results: Our data indicated that IL-1β, PGE 2 , nitrites and MMP-3 levels are elevated in the saliva of patients with untreated chronic severe periodontitis and were significantly higher than in healthy subjects. Also, the amounts of anti-β 1 IgA in the saliva was significantly higher compared with that of healthy individuals. After periodontal phase I therapy these levels of inflammatory biomarkers are significantly reduced but the titres of the antibody did not change, suggesting a close association between salivary IL-1β, PGE 2 , nitrites and MMP-3 and periodontitis without any changes in the levels of anti β 1 IgA. Conclusions: These results suggest that the abnormal amount of these cytokines and enzymes in saliva has potential monitoring applications as a risk marker of the disease progression but the raised levels of anti β 1 IgA present in the saliva of chronic severe periodontitis patient, are not directly associated with the course of the disease. Additional studies are needed to validate this assumption.

Correlation of Toll‐Like Receptor 4, Interleukin‐18, Transaminases, and Uric Acid in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis and Healthy Adults

“…Inflammatory mediators play an important role in several chronic disorders 1 . The biologic events associated with inflammation also play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis (CP), which is characterized by the presence of pathogenic bacteria, breakdown of the connective tissue in tooth attachment, and resorption of alveolar bone 2,3 . Severe forms of CP affect ≈10% to 15% of the population of the developed world and are a major cause of tooth loss in adults 4,5 .…”

Association of the Unstimulated Whole Salivary Cytokine IL-1β Levels with Initial, Moderate and Severe Periodontitis. A Case Control Study

“…Microbial toxins have shown to stimulate various inflammatory mediators, including Interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. IL-1β levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of individuals with periodontitis were significantly higher than those in healthy individuals in previous studies [24,25]. A series of events are associated with the high levels of cytokines released, which influences the stages of periodontitis.…”

“…Among the recruited participants in the study, significantly different periodontal inflammatory parameters were observed among the periodontitis patients. A study by Sánchez recruited 72 participants, including healthy individuals and cases with initial, moderate and severe forms of periodontitis [ 25 ]. They showed significant variation among healthy, moderate and severe periodontitis cases.…”