Salivary Markers of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status: Influence of External Factors

Abstract

Abstract.BACKGROUND: Salivary markers of oxidative stress and antioxidant status represent promising tool for the research of oral diseases. One of the criteria is the validation of these biomarkers from the perspective of the confounding and modifying factors. AIM: To examine the effect of circadian rhythm, tooth-brushing and ascorbic acid treatment on selected salivary markers of oxidative and carbonyl stress, and antioxidant status. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Whole unstimulated saliva samples were collected from 19 healthy participants three times during a day, before and after tooth-brushing, and before and after the administration of vitamin C (250 mg). Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured. RESULTS: Salivary AGEs levels varied significantly during the day (p < 0.05) with the highest concentrations in the morning. FRAP levels varied during the day (p < 0.01) with the highest concentrations in the afternoon. Tooth-brushing decreased AGEs (p < 0.05) and TBARS levels (p < 0.01) and increased FRAP levels (p < 0.05). Single intake of vitamin C significantly decreased AGEs (p < 0.001) and increased both FRAP (p < 0.01) and TAC (p < 0.01) concentrations. CONCLUSION: Significant daily variations were observed in salivary AGEs and FRAP levels. Tooth-brushing and treatment with vitamin C decreased carbonyl stress and increased the antioxidant status. These results are important from the perspective of using saliva for the research of oral diseases.

Health surveillance study of workers who manufacture multi-walled carbon nanotubes

“…The salivary EBC thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) can be affected by the entire respiratory tract from the oral cavity to the alveolar. A study conducted by Hodosy & Celec (2005) using 19 healthy subjects found that the concentration of salivary TBARs was significantly higher in the morning, plus a study by Kamodyová et al (2013) also found that the salivary TBARs were higher in the morning, yet without statistical significance. Thus, when collecting the EBC to study the oxidative and lipid peroxidation biomarkers, the diurnal variation should also be considered.…”

Influence of Periodontal Clinical Status on Salivary Levels of Glutathione Reductase

“…Moreover, none of the previous studies has identified whether the salivary levels of GR are linked with the degree of periodontal breakdown in terms of extent/severity or their association with different periodontal conditions 14,17,19,20 . Because saliva has gained significant recognition as a biologic sample for the detection of biochemical and cellular markers related to oxidative stress and alveolar bone loss, 21–23 this study aims to compare the concentration of GR in unstimulated whole saliva from individuals with AgP or CP and healthy controls (HCs), as well as elucidate its association with the periodontal clinical status.…”

Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Plasma Levels of Transglutaminase‐2 and Oxidative Stress Markers in Cyclosporin A‐Induced Gingival Overgrowth

“…Dissimilarity between FRAP and TAC results might originate from the fact that FRAP assay measures mainly non‐protein TAC, whereas the TAC assay developed by Erel 37 . also measures antioxidative effect of proteins 52 . Plasma FRAP level was found to be lower in CsA GO+ group than in CsA GO− and H groups.…”