Salivary SIgA responses to acute moderate–vigorous exercise in monophasic oral contraceptive users

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of oral contraceptive (OC) use on salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) levels at rest and in response to an acute bout of moderate–vigorous exercise during 2 phases of the 4-week OC cycle corresponding to different phases of the synthetic menstrual cycle. Ten healthy active females completed a cycling at 70% peak oxygen uptake for 45 min at 2 time points of an OC cycle: during the equivalent in time to the mid-follicular phase (day 8 ± 2) and the mid-luteal phase (day 20 ± 2). Timed unstimulated saliva samples were obtained before, immediately postexercise, and 1 h postexercise and analyzed for salivary SIgA. Salivary SIgA secretion rate was 26% (95% confidence limits (CI) 6–46) lower at postexercise compared with pre-exercise during the synthetic follicular phase (p = 0.019) but no differences were observed during the synthetic luteal trial. Saliva flow rate was 11% (95% CI, 8–30) lower at postexercise compared with pre-exercise (main effect for time; p = 0.025). In conclusion, the pattern of salivary SIgA secretion rate response to moderate–vigorous exercise varies across the early and late phases of a monophasic OC cycle, with a transient reduction in salivary SIgA responses during the synthetic follicular phase. These findings indicate that monophasic OC use should be considered when assessing mucosal immune responses to acute exercise.

The Effects of a 4-Week, Intensified Training, and Competition Period on Salivary Hormones, Immunoglobulin A, Illness Symptoms, and Mood State in Elite Synchronised Swimmers

“…In women, it is also important to consider the menstrual cycle and oral contraceptive use in hormone values, particularly T, although most of the variations in anabolic/catabolic balance have been reported as a result of C changes [ 35 ]. Given speculation that oral contraceptive use may impact the free C response to physical and psychological stress, and in light of evidence that mucosal immunity may be affected by these stresses, this area requires further research [ 36 , 37 ]. Furthermore, a lack of information about the athlete’s menstrual cycles is a limitation to this study and future research should control for this parameter.…”

Heat acclimation does not negatively affect salivary immunoglobulin-A and self-reported illness symptoms and wellness in recreational athletes

“…Second, four females were included in the s-IgA analysis, of which two used oral contraceptives. Menstrual cycle phase in non-users of contraceptives may not influence the exercise-induced s-IgA response [ 47 ], while oral contraceptive phase could [ 48 ]. In our study, it is unlikely that variation in (synthetic) menstrual cycle phase introduced a systematic bias, as menstrual cycle phases during the HSTs were randomly distributed over the four participants.…”

Intensidade de Exercício Físico e Imunomodulação: Impactos em Infecções das Vias Aéreas

“…O trabalho de Wang et al (2011) reforça essa informação, uma vez que este trabalho detecta o aumento de Células T regulatórias devido à prática de exercício físico intenso, o que gera um ambiente anti-inflamatório. Outro possível efeito anti-inflamatório é na diminuição na secreção de imunoglobulina do tipo A (IgA) da saliva, que é causada devido à prática de exercício intenso (HAYASHIDA et al, 2015). A IgA é responsável pela imobilização de antígenos e possíveis patógenos que tentem estabelecer infecções em ambientes como o trato respiratório (GLEESON;PYNE, 2000).…”