Salmon poisoning disease in grizzly bears with population recovery implications

Robbins, Charles T.; Woodford, Nina L.; Clyde, Gaylynn Goolsby; Minor, Cody; Nelson, O. Lynne; Brewer, Melissa; Khalife, Patrick H.; Hawley, Jennifer

doi:10.1002/jwmg.21502

Cited by 34 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 38 publications

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“…To parameterize the endotherm model for grizzly bears, we obtained pelt and body measurements from five adult female bears at the BRECC, two of which were obtained from YNP as adults and three of which were produced at the BRECC by females from northwest Montana and fathered by males from north‐central British Columbia (Robbins et al., 2018). We measured hair length and fur depth with a digital caliper.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal constraints on energy balance, behaviour and spatial distribution of grizzly bears

et al. 2021

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Heat dissipation limit theory posits that energy available for growth and reproduction in endotherms is limited by their ability to dissipate heat. In mammals, endogenous heat production increases markedly during gestation and lactation, and thus female mammals may be subject to greater thermal constraints on energy expenditure than males. Such constraints likely have important implications for behaviour and population performance in a warming climate. We used a mechanistic simulation model based on the first principles of heat and mass transfer to study thermal constraints on activity (both timing and intensity) of captive female grizzly bears Ursus arctos in current and future climate scenarios. We then quantified the relative importance of regulatory behaviours for maintaining heat balance using GPS telemetry locations of lactating versus non‐lactating female bears from Yellowstone National Park, and assessed the degree to which costs of thermoregulation constrained the distribution of sampled bears in space and time. Lactating female bears benefitted considerably more from behavioural cooling mechanisms (e.g. partial submersion in cool water or bedding on cool substrate) than non‐lactating females in our simulations; the availability of water for thermoregulation increased the number of hours during which lactating females could be active by up to 60% under current climatic conditions and by up to 43% in the future climate scenario. Moreover, even in the future climate scenario, lactating bears were able to achieve heat balance 24 hr/day by thermoregulating behaviourally when water was available to facilitate cooling. The most important predictor of female grizzly bear distribution in Yellowstone, regardless of reproductive status, was elevation. However, variables associated with the thermal environment were relatively more important for predicting the distribution of lactating than non‐lactating female bears. Our results suggest that the costs of heat dissipation, which are modulated by climate, may impose constraints on the behaviour and energetics of large endotherms like grizzly bears, and that access to water for cooling will likely be an increasingly important driver of grizzly bear distribution in Yellowstone as the climate continues to warm. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal constraints on energy balance, behaviour and spatial distribution of grizzly bears

et al. 2021

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Bears of the World

2020

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Bears have fascinated people since ancient times. The relationship between bears and humans dates back thousands of years, during which time we have also competed with bears for shelter and food. In modern times, bears have come under pressure through encroachment on their habitats, climate change, and illegal trade in their body parts, including the Asian bear bile market. The IUCN lists six bears as vulnerable or endangered, and even the least concern species, such as the brown bear, are at risk of extirpation in certain countries. The poaching and international trade of these most threatened populations are prohibited, but still ongoing. Covering all bears species worldwide, this beautifully illustrated volume brings together the contributions of 200 international bear experts on the ecology, conservation status, and management of the Ursidae family. It reveals the fascinating long history of interactions between humans and bears and the threats affecting these charismatic species.

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Introduction

Penteriani

Melletti

2020

Bears of the World

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Salmon poisoning disease in grizzly bears with population recovery implications

Cited by 34 publications

References 38 publications

Thermal constraints on energy balance, behaviour and spatial distribution of grizzly bears

Thermal constraints on energy balance, behaviour and spatial distribution of grizzly bears

Bears of the World

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