“…For some time, great efforts have been made towards developing this type of vaccine with gene deletion because even though these are live salmonellas and therefore retain the field challenging behaviour during initial infection, they are also extremely safe as they do not persist in poultry or even in the environment for long periods of time (Hoiseth & Stocker, 1981;Barrow et al, 1990;Hormaeche et al, 1991;Cooper et al, 1994;Tan et al, 1997;Van Immerseel et al, 2002). Thus, the great advantage of genetically modified live vaccines is the low risk of reversion to virulence in comparison to vaccines made from attenuated rough strains, for example (Frey, 2007;Matsuda et al, 2010;Penha Filho et al, 2010;Matsuda et al, 2011a, b;Shehata et al, 2013;Van Immerseel et al, 2013).…”