Salt Effects on Liquid−Liquid Equilibrium in Water + Ethanol + Alcohol + Salt Systems

Abstract

Liquid-liquid equilibrium data for the quaternary system (water + ethanol + alcohol + salt) were measured at 25 °C and 40 °C. The alcohols were 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, and 3-methyl-1-butanol. The salts were sodium chloride, sodium acetate, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, and potassium bromide. The results were compared with experimental liquid-liquid equilibrium data for the ternary, salt-free systems, both from the literature and determined in this work. In this way, the salt effect could be evaluated.

Liquid–liquid equilibrium of ternary systems 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate + aromatic + aliphatic hydrocarbons

“…Points of known composition were determined for the validation of the technique. Experiments were carried out in glass, jacketed equilibrium cells (23 mL) described by Aznar et al [10]. The components were weighted directly inside the cell using an Ohaus AS200 analytical balance (±0.0001 g).…”

Liquid–liquid equilibria for quaternary mixtures of nonane+undecane+(benzene or toluene or m-xylene)+sulfolane at 298.15 and 313.15K

“…Experiments were carried out in equilibrium cells, such as those suggested by Stragevitch [29] and described elsewhere [30]. The cell temperature was regulated by a thermostatic bath (Tecnal TE-184), accurate to ±0.01 K.…”

Salt effect on (liquid+liquid) equilibrium of (water+tert-butanol+1-butanol) system: Experimental data and correlation

“…Experiments were carried out in equilibrium cells, such as those suggested by Stragevitch [7] and described elsewhere [1]. The cell temperature was regulated by a thermostatic bath (Tecnal TE-184), accurate to ±0.01 K.…”

“…Aznar et al [1] and Santos et al [2] determined experimental data for six quaternary systems of the (water + ethanol + alcohol + salt) type. The alcohols were 1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol and 1-pentanol, while the salts were sodium chloride, sodium acetate, calcium chloride, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium bromide.…”