Salt Spray and Mineral Cycling in Two California Coastal Ecosystems

Clayton, James L.

doi:10.2307/1935711

Cited by 59 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Walter & Steiner (1936) also noted tbat leaves of Sonneratin alba (wbicb are similar anatomically to tbose oi C erecttis) sometimes became succulent and sbowed bigb cbloride concentrations and cell osmotic pressures, but only if tbey were regularly submerged at bigb tide, again indicating foliar absorption of salt as a major source of leaf solutes. Tbe magnitude of tbe salt load imposed on vegetation by sea spray bas long been appreciated (Boyce, 1954;Clayton, 1972;Barbour, 1978). In tbese sboreline plants of C erectus, foliar uptake of salt was associated with increasing leaf succulence; tbe net result was tbat cell osmotic pressure was lower tban for plants on tbe Cienega e!…”

Section: O N C L Li S I O N Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecophysiology of xerophytic and halophytic vegetation of a coastal alluvial plain in northern Venezuela

et al. 1989

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYSeasonal effects on leaf gas exchange and water relations were compared for Ariceii/iia gertninaiis, a true mangrove, and Conocarpus crcctiis, a mangrove a.ssociate, at coastal site.s in northern Venezuela. On the Cienega el Ostional at Chichiriviche, A. gerniinans was most abutidant around lagoons on the seaward side of the vegetation-free alluvial sand plam. C crectus was the dominant shrub in inland communities, but the two species co-occurred on Vegetation islands at tbe landward edge of the alluvial plain.On the vegetation islands of the Cienega el Ostional, gas exchange in A. gcrmiiians (a species with foliar salt glands) was less severely curtailed in tbe dry season compared with the rainy season than was gas exchange in C. crectus (a species lacking salt glands). Average rates of photosynthesis at near-saturating light intensities and total 'let diurnal CO.^ uptake were reduced in tbe dry season to 69 and 61 "", respectively, of tbeir values in the rainy season for A. germinans, but to 48 and 30",,, respectively, of their rainy-season values for C. erectus. Sitnilarly, stomatal conductance and transpn'ational water loss were more reduced in tbe dry season for C erectus than for A. Kerminans, with tbe result that C. erectus showed a 3-4-fold increase in water-use efficiency in the dry season Compared witb the rainy season. The importance of the soil environment in determining plant gas-exchange Patterns was evidenced by large seasonal sbifts in dawn xylem tension for the two species (which increased from '•34 MPa in the rainy season to 550 MPa in the dry season for A. gerniiiians, and from 0-40 to 5-78 MPa for C\ ''ectus). Tbese values reflected changes in the soil environment caused by inundation of tbe upper soil layers by 'resb water in tbe rainy season and a progressive increase in salt concentrations (to almost twice those in sea water) 'H' evaporation from tbe soil in tbe dry season. Large cbanges in xylem tension were observed for both species during individual day-night cycles, reaching a maximum of 2-36 MPa for A. germinavs. For C. erectus, the liagnitude of these day-night changes was greatly reduced in the dry season, consistent with its \ery low transpiration rates at tbis time of year. Leaf-cell osmotic pressures also tended to be higher in A. geriniiiaiis than . erectus (attaining a maximum of 8-3 MPa for A. germinans in the dry season), and were related to the more d distribution of tbe true mangrove on the allu\ iai plain.Whereas leaves of A. germinans did not show any changes in succulence, leaf succulence in C. erectus increased leaf age and was slightly higher in the dry season than the rainy season. Tbe more succulent leaves also bad * To whom all correspondence sliould be addressed. 294 J. A. C. Smith and othershigher cell-sap osmotic pressures and NaCl concentrations. 'I'hc most succulent leaves of <". crectus were ohserved for exposed shruhs growing on the shoreline. During the dry season, these shoreline plants showed high rates of gas exchange and low values for dawn xylem ...

show abstract

Section: O N C L Li S I O N Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecophysiology of xerophytic and halophytic vegetation of a coastal alluvial plain in northern Venezuela

et al. 1989

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A precipitação interna (água que atravessa a vegetação e chega ao solo) contém alta concentração da maioria dos nutrientes. Além de arrastar as partículas da atmosfera e aquelas depositadas sobre a vegetação, a precipitação também lixivia órgãos vegetais vivos e mortos, exsudados das plantas, excrementos e cadáveres de animais, menos a porção retida (troca de íons) ou adsorvida e absorvida durante a trajetória (CLAYTON, 1972;CORNU et al, 1998, SCHRUMPF et al, 2006.…”

unclassified

Fluxo De Nutrientes Pela Precipitação Pluviométrica Em Dois Trechos De Floresta Ombrófila Densa Em Guaraqueçaba, Paraná

Scheer

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ResumoEste trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar os fluxos de K, Ca, Mg e Na através da precipitação no exterior e no interior de dois trechos de Floresta Ombrófila Densa (capoeira: estágio inicial/intermediário de sucessão secundária de floresta aluvial e floresta secundária submontana), na Reserva Natural Salto Morato, em Guaraqueçaba, Paraná. A capoeira e a floresta secundária apresentaram valores de interceptação da água da chuva em torno de 14%, sendo baixos comparados com outros da literatura. As estimativas para a deposição do Na pela precipitação foram elevadas se comparadas às de outros trabalhos, alcançando uma média anual de 83 kg/ha na precipitação externa e de 96 kg/ha na precipitação no interior da capoeira. Entre os macronutrientes analisados, para o mesmo processo, foram estimadas deposições anuais de 52 kg/ha de K, 5 kg/ha de Ca e 2,9 kg/ha de Mg, ocorrendo os maiores aportes durante o período mais quente e chuvoso. Os valores para a floresta secundária foram um pouco menores, principalmente para o K. Somando com dados da contribuição da serapilheira no mesmo período, disponíveis para a capoeira, a precipitação interna representou respectivamente, 65%, 5% e 15% da deposição total desses nutrientes no solo, indicando a importância desse processo para a restauração e/ou manutenção dos elementos minerais dentro dos ecossistemas estudados. Palavras-chave: Ciclagem de nutrientes; interceptação do dossel; precipitação interna; sucessão secundária; macronutrientes. Abstract Nutrient flow in rainfall and throughfall in two stretches in an Atlantic Rain Forest in southernBrazil. The returns of K, Ca, Mg and Na through rainfall and throughfall (in an early to midde successional alluvial forest and in a secondary lowland forest) were estimated in an Atlantic Rain Forest in Southern Brazil. The two forests showed interception rainfall values around 14%, considered low comparing to other studies. The Na values were very high, reaching in average 83 kg ha -1 y -1 in rainfall and 96 kg ha -1 y -1 in throughfall in the early to midde secondary forest. The annual nutrient returns in througfall were: of 52 kg ha -1 of K, 5 kg ha -1 of Ca and 2.9 kg ha -1 of Mg, with major contributions during the rainy season. The secondary forest presented lower values, mainly for K. Additioning to available litterfall data in early to midde secondary forest, througfall contributed to 65% of K, 5% of Ca and 15% of Mg returned to the soil pointing out the relevance of this process to the restoration and/or maintenance of these elements into the studied ecosystems.

show abstract

“…This causes leaf necrosis when sodium chloride ions penetrate through small lacerations in the cuticle caused by wind buffeting, leading to ion toxicity and loss of photosynthetic tissue. Salt spray has been shown to cause far greater damage to plant tissues in dune systems than wind desiccation alone (Boyce, 1954; Clayton, 1972; Griffiths & Orians, 2003). The background level of salt exposure on coastal bluffs is punctuated regularly by periods of heavy surf and high exposure to aerosols.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local patterns of diversity in California northern coastal scrub

Wrubel

Parker

2018

Ecology and Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Within global biodiversity hotspots such as the California Floristic Province, local patterns of diversity must be better understood to prioritize conservation for the greatest number of species. This study investigates patterns of vascular plant diversity in relation to coast–inland environmental gradients in the shrublands of Central California known as northern coastal scrub. We sampled coastal shrublands of the San Francisco Bay Area at coastal and inland locations, modeled fine‐scale climatic variables, and developed an index for local exposure to maritime salts. We compared diversity, composition, and structure of the coastal and inland plots using indirect gradient analysis and estimated species accumulation using rarefaction curves. Coastal plots were significantly higher in alpha, beta, and gamma diversity than inland plots. Plant diversity (effective species number) in coastal plots was 2.1 times greater than inland plots, and beta diversity was 1.9 times greater. Estimated richness by rarefaction was 2.05 times greater in coastal sites than inland sites. Salt deposition and water availability were the abiotic process most strongly correlated with increased maritime plant diversity and compositional differences. Stands of northern coastal scrub on the immediate coast with higher maritime influence exhibit markedly higher plant diversity than most interior stands, paralleling previous work in other vegetation types in this region. These studies suggest that the California coastline deserves special consideration for botanical conservation. Fine‐scale climatic models of cloud frequency, water availability, and the salt deposition index presented here can be used to define priority areas for plant conservation in California and other coastal regions worldwide.

show abstract

Salt Spray and Mineral Cycling in Two California Coastal Ecosystems

Cited by 59 publications

References 14 publications

Ecophysiology of xerophytic and halophytic vegetation of a coastal alluvial plain in northern Venezuela

Ecophysiology of xerophytic and halophytic vegetation of a coastal alluvial plain in northern Venezuela

Fluxo De Nutrientes Pela Precipitação Pluviométrica Em Dois Trechos De Floresta Ombrófila Densa Em Guaraqueçaba, Paraná

Local patterns of diversity in California northern coastal scrub

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About