Salt Stress Effects on Root Systems of Two Mature Olive Cultivars

Rewald, Boris; Rachmilevitch, Shimon

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2011.888.11

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…In olive, a strong decrease of root biomass under salt stress was found in the salt-sensitive var. Proline, while highly salt-resistant Barnea trees retained higher root biomasses (Rewald et al 2010). The importance of compensating increased resistances in smaller-sized root systems, like in Proline, becomes apparent by an observed correlation between root hydraulic conductance and leaf surface area in olives (Nardini et al 2006), and the reduced water uptake Table III.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Tattini and Traversi (2009) pointed out that even severe restrictions of water uptake in saline soils may have only minor significance in olive, which can tolerate declines in leaf water potential without permanent damages to the photosynthetic apparatus. However, we suggest that phenotypic variability of the root xylem in response to heterogeneous environmental signals, coming to full effect in high conductivity roots, is of major importance for the growth potential of the three olive varieties under salt stress, improving the functional adjustment of Barnea and Arbequina varieties to spatial and temporal soil conditions, and subsequently increasing the amount, and the reliability, of the water supply (Rewald et al 2010). The positive outcome of this strategy is evidenced by the significantly lower degree of embolism in branches of var.…”

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confidence: 93%

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Influence of salinity on root hydraulic properties of three olive varieties

Rewald

Leuschner

Wiesman

2011

Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all As

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Three varieties of olive, Barnea, Arbequina and Proline, varying in salt tolerance, were examined to check the sensitivity of their root system hydraulic properties to salinity. Up to three levels of saline water (EC ¼ 1.2, 4.2 and 7.5 dS m 71 ) were used for long-term irrigation of mature trees. Specific conductivities and embolism rates of roots and branches were estimated by low-pressure conductivity measurement; variability and plasticity of root and branch axial conductivities were calculated. Cross-sections of roots were analysed with respect to xylem anatomy. Barnea, and to a minor degree Arbequina, were found to be more salt-resistant than Proline. Axial root hydraulics under salt stress reacted in a more plastic fashion than branch conductivities. Increased specific conductivities of roots, different plasticities of root hydraulics and modifications in mean conduit diameters can be dismissed as foremost reasons of the observed differences in salt resistance. Instead, a high withinpopulation variability in root conductivity, as found in the salt-tolerant Barnea and Arbequina varieties, coming to full effect in high conductivity roots of Barnea trees, and an increased bimodal distribution of conduit sizes may represent favourable traits to enhance water uptake in soils with heterogeneous salinity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Influence of salinity on root hydraulic properties of three olive varieties

Rewald

Leuschner

Wiesman

2011

Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all As

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“…The anatomical structure of fine roots is thought to be closely associated with their function [6–10]. For example, a high correlation was observed between hydraulic properties and the structural properties of the transmitting tissue [10]. The characteristics of the cortex and stele may reflect the two functions of absorption and transport [7, 11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical structures of fine roots of 91 vascular plant species from four groups in a temperate forest in Northeast China

Wang¹,

Wang²,

Dong³

2019

PLoS ONE

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Fine roots of plants play an important role in terrestrial ecosystems. There is a close association between the anatomical characteristics and physiological and ecological functions of plants, but we still have a very limited knowledge of anatomical traits. For example, (1) we do not know if herbs and grasses have anatomical patterns similar to those of woody plants, and (2) the variation among different woody plants in the same ecosystem is unclear. In the present study, we analysed the anatomical structures of the fine root systems of various groups of vascular plants (ferns, eudicot herbs, monocots and woody plants) from the same ecosystem (a natural secondary forest on Mao'er Mountain, Heilongjiang, China) to answer the following questions: (1) How does the anatomy of the fine roots change with root order in various plant groups in the same ecosystem? (2) What is the pattern of variation within group? The results show that anatomical traits can be divided into 3 categories: traits that indicate the root capacity to transport resource along the root (stele diameter, xylem cell diameter and xylem cell area); traits that indicate absorptive capacity cortical thickness, (the number of cortical cell layers and the diameter of cortical cells); and traits that are integrated indicators (diameter and the stele to root diameter ratio). The traits indicate the root capacity to transport resource along the root order is generally similar among groups, but absorptive capacity is very different. The shift in function is the main factor influencing the fine root anatomy. Some traits show large variation within groups, but the variations in other traits are small. The traits indicate that the lower-order roots (absorbing roots) in distinct groups are of the first one or two root order in ferns, the first two or three orders in eudicot herbs, the first (only two root orders) or first two orders (more than three root orders) in monocots and the first four or five root orders in woody plants and the other roots are higher-order roots (transport roots). The result will helpful to understand the similarities and differences among groups and the physiological and ecological functions of plant roots.

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“…The main active root zone distribution in olives trees is at a depth of 30 to 60 cm [11,12] and various studies have reported that the upper critical limit of soil EC for normal olive development is 4 to 6 dS m −1 [12][13][14][15]. In olives trees, the maximum root growth rate can be achieved under fresh water irrigation and the high root mortality rate and root growth restriction occurs under moderately saline irrigation (4.2 dS m −1 ) [16][17][18][19]. Irrigation water salinity of 4 dS m −1 limits significant production of the potential yield possible with good quality water [15] and there is a gradual buildup of soil salinity over the years in the root zone [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distribution of Salinity and Sodicity in Arid Climate Following Long Term Brackish Water Drip Irrigated Olive Orchard

Katuri

Trifonov

Arye

2019

Water

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The availability of brackish groundwater in the Negev Desert, Israel has motivated the cultivation of various salinity tolerant crops, such as olives trees. The long term suitability of surface drip irrigation (DI) or subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) in arid regions is questionable, due to salinity concerns, in particular, when brackish irrigation water is employed. Nevertheless, DI and SDI have been adopted as the main irrigation methods in olive orchards, located in the Negev Desert. Reports on continued reduction in olive yields and, essentially, olive orchard uprooting are the motivation for this study. Specifically, the main objective is to quantify the spatial distribution of salinity and sodicity in the active root-zone of olive orchards, irrigated with brackish water (electrical conductivity; EC = 4.4 dS m−1) for two decades using DI and subsequently SDI. Sum 246 soil samples, representing 2 m2 area and depths of 60 cm, in line and perpendicular to the drip line, were analyzed for salinity and sodicity quantities. A relatively small leaching-zone was observed below the emitters depth (20 cm), with EC values similar to the irrigation water. However, high to extreme EC values were observed between nearby emitters, above and below the dripline. Specifically, in line with the dripline, EC values ranged from 10 to 40 dS m−1 and perpendicular to it, from 40 to 120 dS m−1. The spatial distribution of sodicity quantities, namely, the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR, (meq L−1)0.5) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) resembled the one obtained for the EC. In line with the dripline, from 15 to 30 (meq L−1)0.5 and up to 27%, in perpendicular to the drip line from 30 to 60 (meq L−l)0.5 and up to 33%. This study demonstrates the importance of long terms sustainable irrigation regime in arid regions in particular under DI or SDI. Reclamation of these soils with gypsum, for example, is essential. Any alternative practices, such as replacing olive trees and the further introduction of even high salinity tolerant plants (e.g., jojoba) in this region will intensify the salt buildup without leaving any option for soil reclamation in the future.

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Salt Stress Effects on Root Systems of Two Mature Olive Cultivars

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of salinity on root hydraulic properties of three olive varieties

Influence of salinity on root hydraulic properties of three olive varieties

Anatomical structures of fine roots of 91 vascular plant species from four groups in a temperate forest in Northeast China

Spatial Distribution of Salinity and Sodicity in Arid Climate Following Long Term Brackish Water Drip Irrigated Olive Orchard

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