Salt stress induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-responsive genes in a grapevine rootstock

Abstract

Grapevines, although adapted to occasional drought or salt stress, are relatively sensitive to growth- and yield-limiting salinity stress. To understand the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and identify genes commonly regulated by both stresses in grapevine, we investigated transcript profiles in leaves of the salt-tolerant grapevine rootstock 1616C under salt- and ER-stress. Among 1643 differentially expressed transcripts at 6 h post-treatment in leaves, 29 were unique to ER stress, 378 were unique to salt stress, and 16 were common to both stresses. At 24 h post-treatment, 243 transcripts were unique to ER stress, 1150 were unique to salt stress, and 168 were common to both stresses. GO term analysis identified genes in categories including ‘oxidative stress’, ‘protein folding’, ‘transmembrane transport’, ‘protein phosphorylation’, ‘lipid transport’, ‘proteolysis’, ‘photosynthesis’, and ‘regulation of transcription’. The expression of genes encoding transporters, transcription factors, and proteins involved in hormone biosynthesis increased in response to both ER and salt stresses. KEGG pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes for both ER and salt stress were divided into four main categories including; carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, signal transduction and lipid metabolism. Differential expression of several genes was confirmed by qRT-PCR analysis, which validated our microarray results. We identified transcripts for genes that might be involved in salt tolerance and also many genes differentially expressed under both ER and salt stresses. Our results could provide new insights into the mechanisms of salt tolerance and ER stress in plants and should be useful for genetic improvement of salt tolerance in grapevine.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Subproteome Analysis Reveals Underlying Defense Mechanisms of Wheat Seedling Leaves under Salt Stress

“…The ERAD mechanism is important as a means to remove unfolded proteins in the UPR, but mainly in the CNX/CRT folding cycle. Its basic process primarily includes four steps: target protein recognition, protein ubiquitination, reverse transcriptase transport and proteasome degradation [ 40 ]. The intermediate products of protein folding and the final misfolded proteins present a few structural similarities.…”

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of the PDI Gene Family Reveals Their Probable Involvement in Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

“…The possible role of PDI genes in response to salt stress was previously suggested by transcript profiling in leaves of salt-tolerant grapevine rootstocks [ 74 ]. In support of this previous report, the expression of thirteen tomato PDI genes, including SlPDI1-1, SlPDI1-3, SlPDI1-4 , SlPDI2-1, SlPDI4-1 , and SlPDI5-1 , were also sharply elevated by salt treatment ( Figure 8 a and Figure S6a ).…”

Histone modifications and chromatin remodelling in plants in response to salt stress

“…The changes in expression seemed to be locus‐specific. Another study showed that the expressions of H2A.X and H2A were reduced at least 3‐folds in a salt‐tolerant grapevine rootstock 1616C at 6 and 24 h after salt treatment (Aydemir et al, 2020).…”