Salt Tolerance Study of Six Cultivars of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) During Germination and Early Seedling Growth

Abstract

Salinity is one of the major threats facing the cultivation of field crops. The response of six rice (Oryza sativus L.) cultivars to different sodium chloride levels; 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 mM were investigated during germination and early seedling stages. Germination percent, mean germination time (MGT), shoot and root length and dry weight were all decreased as the levels of NaCl used increased. Percent reduction in dry weight over control was increased as the NaCl levels increased. Forat and Amber 33 were more salt tolerant cultivars with regard to germination percent, while Hwazawi cultivar was more sensitive. Hwazawi cultivar recorded the lower MGT while Amber 33 cultivar showed the higher MGT. Length of radicle and plumule of all cultivars were differently affected by salt, as Hwazawi and Mushkab cultivars showed more reduction in length while Amber 33 was less affected. Forat cultivar dry weight was more affected by salt compare to other cultivars. The effect of NaCl on salt tolerance index of cultivars was significant. The ranges of salt tolerance indices among salt levels were very wide, ranging from 95.42 at 30 mM of NaCl to 71.38 at 150 mM of NaCl. Interaction between salt levels and cultivars showed varying degree of differences. It is concluded that the different cultivars differ in their salt tolerance with respect to seed germination and seedling growth.

Alleviating Salt Stress in Barley by Use of Plant Growth Stimulants and Potassium Sulfate

“…At 2% salt level, the magnitude of decrease in germination varied from 13.33 to 96.67%. This trend was also observed in other crops exposed to salt stress (Epstein et al, 1980;El-Madidi et al, 2004;Abbas et al, 2012). Note.…”

Evaluation of reference genes for RT-qPCR studies in the leaves of rice seedlings under salt stress

“…Upon reaching the V 4 (four leaves) growth stage, plants underwent alternating irrigation with nutrient solution and water containing 150 mM NaCl (100 mL/pot). The NaCl concentration was chosen based on data from reported experiments that examined saline stress in rice (Abbas et al, 2013). After the experiment was established, leaves of rice seedlings were collected every 24 hours, and were identified as C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5 based on the following criteria: C1 = plants with no exposure to stress (control); C2 = 24 h of stress; C3 = 48 h of stress; C4 = 72 h of stress; C5 = 96 h of stress in a 150 mM NaCl solution.…”

Impacts of Salt Water Intrusion on Maize (Zea mays) and Rice (Oryza sativa) Production under Climate Change Scenarios in Bagamoyo District-Tanzania

“…Therefore, there is an opportunity for other researches to come up with inter-cultivar genetic variation for salt tolerance [34] possible to solve SWI in changing climate. With climate change and increased impacts of SWI, growers of Oryza sativa and Zea mays must take the advantage of different cultivars with different salt tolerance [37], [14], [14], [33]. This approach will function if crop scientists work to develop new cultivars with salt tolerance or avoidance ability, otherwise the current coping and adaptation strategies are weak and probably not functional in the near future as also warned by [23].…”

“…Climate change contributes to depletion of freshwater resources [7], [1] and is one the factors influencing water availability to society and ecosystems [8]. Sea level rise as a result of climate change cause salt water intrusion (SWI) into coastal aquifer [9], which results into the aquifers contamination and therefore reducing the available water for human consumption and agriculture [10], [11], [12], [13].High levels of salinity affects plant growth during all developmental stages [14], therefore salt is a major threat to crop productivity. Salt water intrusion, which affects water quality in the context of salinity and pH [6] towards inland, automatically affects farming activities and crop production [15].Salinity imposes detrimental effects on plant growth through low osmotic potential in soil solution and nutritional imbalance [16].…”