Salud Pública en México Implicaciones para la enseñanza de la Biologia y las Ciencias de la Salud

Abstract

La salud pública se define como la ciencia y arte de impedir las enfermedades, prolongar la vida y fomentar la salud y eficiencia mediante el esfuerzo organizado de la comunidad. La salud pública surge en nuestro país como una necesidad ante las condiciones sociales y culturales. La introducción de la vacuna antivariolosa, el consejo general de salubridad e instituciones de salud enmarcan el inicio de la salud pública en nuestro país, las acciones implementadas en salud pública y el crecimiento demográfico, entre otros determinantes socio–ambientales de la salud, han provocado cambios en el estilo de vida; la tasa de mortalidad ha disminuido y la esperanza de vida al nacer se incrementó sustancialmente, por lo que se requiere enfrentar los retos de la transición de las enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias a las enfermedades crónicas, bajo la comprensión de la perspectiva educación– cultura socio–ambiental y mediante recursos humanos altamente calificados en salud pública. Esto requiere que en el proceso enseñanza–aprendizaje de la biología sea necesaria la aplicación del enfoque constructivista, desde diversosmodelos, entre ellos el de la modificabilidad cognitiva en el contexto–realidad del alumno, para generar científicos con mayor capacidad para la resolución de problemas de investigación biológica y, por consecuencia, mejores estrategias de impacto en la salud pública de México.

Critical analysis of the reality of the Mexican Health System and the Organization of Health Systems in Mexico

“…Thus, in the frame environment-culture, the base of transformation in the conditions of public health is found in biological principles as well as in the respect given to the environment and the concern given to individual health as in social principles; for example, the participation of the tasks in which the mutual effort generates common benefits, creating ecological consciousness is one of the basic objectives that is the outcome from adopting this perspective. 6 The quality of education conciliates population development. This education must start from the correct use of teaching approaches, from a constructive approach, where the knowledge would be built and the collaboration would be stimulated, for example the collaborative learning in group, task projects, in-group tasks and the application of the theories as the cognitive means in which the generation of the consciousness about the learning were encouraged and on its environmental context, to promote constant improvement in their lifestyle and the quality of their lives.…”

“…This education must start from the correct use of teaching approaches, from a constructive approach, where the knowledge would be built and the collaboration would be stimulated, for example the collaborative learning in group, task projects, in-group tasks and the application of the theories as the cognitive means in which the generation of the consciousness about the learning were encouraged and on its environmental context, to promote constant improvement in their lifestyle and the quality of their lives. 6 The administration on health is defined as the application of the management of assets and services through collaborative strategic planning that generates a continuous improvement in the human well-being and this means health. 7 The management on health hedge directly on the health professional who works as an administrator.…”