“…The bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAo) model, which is the most widely used VaD model, induces CCH by permanently ligating both common carotid arteries and shows pathological physiology similar to that in VaD patients [10,11,12,13]. We have investigated the therapeutic candidates, such as Fructus mume ( F. mume ), Ginkgo biloba L., Salvia miltiorrhiza , and cardiotonic pill, for CCH in the BCCAo model [14,15,16,17,18]. Notably, F. mume , a processed fruit of Prunus mume , improves BCCAo-induced cognitive impairment via the attenuation of the cholinergic system dysfunction and the inhibition of inflammation-related factors, such as gliosis, toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), P38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) [15,18,19].…”