Sample Size Determination for Cost-Effectiveness Trials

Willan, Andrew R.

doi:10.2165/11587130-000000000-00000

Cited by 23 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 68 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thus, the final analysis included 200 patients. The sample size satisfied the requirements for the test of the validity of the questionnaire [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale is an adequate screening instrument for depression and anxiety disorder in adults with congential heart disease

Moon

Huh

Song

et al. 2017

Health Qual Life Outcomes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is an instrument that is commonly used to screen for depression in patients with chronic disease, but the characteristics of the CES-D in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) have not yet been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the criterion validities and the predictive powers of the CES-D for depression and anxiety disorders in adults with CHD.MethodsTwo hundred patients were screened with the CES-D and secondarily interviewed with a diagnostic instrument, i.e., the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Instrument. The sensitivity and specificity values of the CES-D were calculated by cross-tabulation at different cutoff scores. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the optimal cutoff point for each disorder and to assess the predictive power of the instrument.ResultsThe CES-D exhibited satisfactory criterion validities for depression and for all combinations of depression and/or anxiety. With a desired sensitivity of at least 80%, the optimal cutoff scores were 18. The predictive power of the CES-D in the patients was best for major depression and dysthymia (area under the ROC curve: 0.92) followed by the score for any combination of depression and/or anxiety (0.88).ConclusionThe use of CES-D to simultaneously screen for both depression and anxiety disorders may be useful in adults with CHD. Trial registration: CESDEP 212. Registered 2 March 2014 (retrospectively registered).

show abstract

“…Thus, the final analysis included 200 patients. The sample size satisfied the requirements for the test of the validity of the questionnaire [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale is an adequate screening instrument for depression and anxiety disorder in adults with congential heart disease

Moon

Huh

Song

et al. 2017

Health Qual Life Outcomes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The power to detect similar impacts on the secondary outcome parameters of cancellations will be higher due to higher baseline proportions. The power to detect the impact on sociodemographics will depend on the scaling and the relevant level of relative risk reduction [ 19 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of fines on nonattendance in public hospital outpatient clinics: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Blæhr

Kristensen

Væggemose

et al. 2016

Trials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundNonattendance at scheduled appointments in public hospitals presents a challenge for efficient resource use and may ultimately affect health outcomes due to longer waiting times. Seven percent of all scheduled outpatient appointments in the United Kingdom are estimated to be nonattended. Various reminder systems have been shown to moderately reduce nonattendance, although the effect of issuing fines for nonattendance has not yet been tested in a randomized context. However, such use of financial incentives could impact access to care differently across the different socioeconomic groups. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of fines on hospital outpatient nonattendance.Methods/designA 1:1 randomized controlled trial of scheduled outpatient appointments was used, with follow-ups until the date of appointment. The setting is an orthopedic clinic at a regional hospital in Denmark. Appointments for users who are scheduled for diagnostics, treatment, surgery, or follow-ups were included from May 2015 to November 2015. Appointments assigned to the intervention arm include an attachment of the appointment letter explaining that a fine will be issued in the case of nonattendance without prior notice. Appointments assigned to the control arm follow usual practice (same system but no letter attachment). The primary outcome is the proportion of nonattendance. Secondary outcomes are proportions of cancellations, sociodemographics, and health-problem characteristics. Furthermore, the intervention costs and production value of nonattended appointments will be measured. An analysis of effect and cost-effectiveness will be conducted based on a 5 % significance level.DiscussionThe study is initiated and funded by the Danish Regions, which have the responsibility for the Danish public healthcare sector. The results are expected to inform future decisions about the introduction of fines for nonattendance at public hospitals.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials, ISRCTN61925912. Registered on 6 July 2015.

show abstract

“…The mean of all the individual (conditional) medians can be used as before for deriving QALYs. The mean is the statistic of choice for decisions relating to health technology assessment [ 35 , 36 ]. The population mean and median are approximately equal for normally distributed data.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A non-linear beta-binomial regression model for mapping EORTC QLQ- C30 to the EQ-5D-3L in lung cancer patients: a comparison with existing approaches

Khan

Morris

2014

Health Qual Life Outcomes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe performance of the Beta Binomial (BB) model is compared with several existing models for mapping the EORTC QLQ-C30 (QLQ-C30) on to the EQ-5D-3L using data from lung cancer trials.MethodsData from 2 separate non small cell lung cancer clinical trials (TOPICAL and SOCCAR) are used to develop and validate the BB model. Comparisons with Linear, TOBIT, Quantile, Quadratic and CLAD models are carried out. The mean prediction error, R2, proportion predicted outside the valid range, clinical interpretation of coefficients, model fit and estimation of Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALY) are reported and compared. Monte-Carlo simulation is also used.ResultsThe Beta-Binomial regression model performed ‘best’ among all models. For TOPICAL and SOCCAR trials, respectively, residual mean square error (RMSE) was 0.09 and 0.11; R2 was 0.75 and 0.71; observed vs. predicted means were 0.612 vs. 0.608 and 0.750 vs. 0.749. Mean difference in QALY’s (observed vs. predicted) were 0.051 vs. 0.053 and 0.164 vs. 0.162 for TOPICAL and SOCCAR respectively. Models tested on independent data show simulated 95% confidence from the BB model containing the observed mean more often (77% and 59% for TOPICAL and SOCCAR respectively) compared to the other models. All algorithms over-predict at poorer health states but the BB model was relatively better, particularly for the SOCCAR data.ConclusionThe BB model may offer superior predictive properties amongst mapping algorithms considered and may be more useful when predicting EQ-5D-3L at poorer health states. We recommend the algorithm derived from the TOPICAL data due to better predictive properties and less uncertainty.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12955-014-0163-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

show abstract

Sample Size Determination for Cost-Effectiveness Trials

Cited by 23 publications

References 68 publications

The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale is an adequate screening instrument for depression and anxiety disorder in adults with congential heart disease

The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale is an adequate screening instrument for depression and anxiety disorder in adults with congential heart disease

The effect of fines on nonattendance in public hospital outpatient clinics: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

A non-linear beta-binomial regression model for mapping EORTC QLQ- C30 to the EQ-5D-3L in lung cancer patients: a comparison with existing approaches

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About