Sampling and analysis of hexavalent chromium during exposure to chromic acid mist and welding fumes.

Blomquist, Göran; Nilsson, Carl-Axel; Nygren, Olle

doi:10.5271/sjweh.2384

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The diphenylcarbazide (DPC) complexing reagent was prepared by dissolving 0.25 g of DPC in 50 ml of acetone in a 100 ml volumetric flask and adding water to volume. 4 Standards for determination of total chromium were prepared from a commercial atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) standard solution (Cr 1.000 g ml 21 , BDH, Poole, Dorset, UK). Standards of hexavalent chromium were diluted from a stock solution (1.000 g ml 21 ) made by dissolving potassium dichromate in water.…”

Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hexavalent chromium was determined using spectrophotometry after DPC complexation. 4 A 2 ml aliquot was withdrawn from each sample and transferred to a 15 ml calibrated flask. Complexing reagent (1 ml), 0.5 m sulfuric acid (5 ml) and water to volume were added and the sample was left to stand for 10 min to allow formation of the complex.…”

Section: Determination Of Chromium In Tanned Leathermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a method frequently used for selective determination of hexavalent chromium. 4,8 These two analytical methods have different detection limits, i.e., 0.01 and 0.0001 mg g 21 for total chromium and soluble hexavalent chromium, respectively. One consequence of the difference in detection limits between the two analytical methods is, however, that low levels of soluble hexavalent chromium might be detected, although the level is below the detection limit for total chromium.…”

Section: Determination Of Chromium In Tanned Leathermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Speciation of chromium in tanned leather gloves and relapse of chromium allergy from tanned leather samples†

Nygren¹,

Wahlberg²

1998

Analyst

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There are concerns that wearing chromium tanned leather gloves can provoke a lapse of hand dermatitis in chromium sensitive patients. Various forms of chromium have different biological effects and the determination of total chromium (both soluble and insoluble), which often is used in clinical studies, may therefore not be an adequate measure of the adverse exposure. However, investigations, where dissolution of hexavalent chromium from leather gloves has been experimentally studied, could not been found in the literature. The aim of this pilot study was therefore to determine the total amount of chromium and the amount of sweat leachable chromium in different leather glove materials and also to apply samples of these materials in a patch test to chromium sensitive patients to see if they could provoke a reaction. The results showed tha chromium tanned leather contained about 3% (m/m) chromium. Chromium can also be found in dyed vegetable tanned leather, probably emanating from the leather dye. Small amounts (average 0.08% m/m) of leachable hexavalent chromium were found in both chromium and vegetable tanned leathers. Thus, the risk of relapse of chromium dermatitis cannot be disregarded and further studies on the causes of relapse of chromium dermatitis are necessary.

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Section: Chemicalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determination Of Chromium In Tanned Leathermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Determination Of Chromium In Tanned Leathermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Speciation of chromium in tanned leather gloves and relapse of chromium allergy from tanned leather samples†

Nygren¹,

Wahlberg²

1998

Analyst

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“…If Cr(VI) seems to be quantitatively extracted without degradation for C1 and C3, its extraction with ammonium/ammonia buffer solution is accompanied with its reduction for C2 and C4. The literature reveals that an alkaline medium allows the stabilisation of Cr(VI) by decreasing its oxidant power and no reduction was observed in presence of metals such as Fe(II), Mn(II), or Ni(II) [14,15]. However, the buffer solution used has a high ionic strength that allows a good stripping of the coating but, unfortunately, potentially oxidizable compounds can also be extracted.…”

Section: Optimisation Of Cr(vi) Extraction From Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Cr(VI) being a strong oxidant in acid solution, it is recommended to use slightly acid or alkaline solutions to stabilise it during extraction. However, for pH between 4 and 5, Cr(VI) reduction into Cr(III) was evidenced [14,15]. Thus, it seems preferable to use more alkaline solutions such as phosphate buffer (pH 8) [16,17,18,19], ammonium/ammonia buffer (8<pH<9) [19,20,21,22], alkaline digestion with a carbonate/sodium hydroxide mixture (pH 12) [23,24,25,26,27], or sodium hydroxide at pH 13 [20,26].…”

Section: Hexavalent Chromium Extraction From Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Development of analytical procedures for determination of total chromium by quadrupole ICP?MS and high-resolution ICP?MS, and hexavalent chromium by HPLC?ICP?MS, in different materials used in the automotive industry

Séby¹,

Gagean

Garraud³

et al. 2003

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

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A European directive was recently adopted limiting the use of hazardous substances such as Pb, Hg, Cd, and Cr(VI) in vehicle manufacturing. From July 2003 a maximum of 2 g Cr(VI) will be authorised per vehicle in corrosion-preventing coatings of key components. As no standardised procedures are available to check if produced vehicles are in agreement with this directive, the objective of this work was to develop analytical procedures for total chromium and Cr(VI) determination in these materials. The first step of this study was to optimise digestion procedures for total chromium determination in plastic and metallic materials by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). High resolution (HR) ICP-MS was used to examine the influence of polyatomic interferences on the detection of the (52)Cr(+) and (53)Cr(+) isotopes. If there was strong interference with m/ z 52 for plastic materials, it was possible to use quadrupole ICP-MS for m/ z 53 if digestions were performed with HNO(3)+H(2)O(2). This mixture was also necessary for digestion of chromium from metallic materials. Extraction procedures in alkaline medium (NH(4)(+)/NH(3) buffer solution at pH 8.9) assisted by sonication were developed for determining Cr(VI) in four different corrosion-preventing coatings by HPLC-ICP-MS. After optimisation and validation with the only solid reference material certified for its Cr(VI) content (BCR 545; welding dusts), the efficiency of this extraction procedure for screw coatings was compared with that described in the EN ISO 3613 standard generally used in routine laboratories. For coatings comprising zinc and aluminium passivated in depth with chromium oxides the extraction procedure developed herein enabled determination of higher Cr(VI) concentrations. This was also observed for the screw covered with a chromium passivant layer on zinc-nickel. For coating comprising a chromium passivant layer on alkaline zinc the standardized extraction procedure was more efficient. In the case of painted metallic plate, because of a reactive matrix towards Cr(VI), its extraction without degradation was difficult to perform.

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Hygienic behaviour in chromium plating industries

Lumens

Ulenbelt

Géron

et al. 1993

Int. Arch Occup Environ Heath

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The impact of hygienic behaviour on the uptake of chromium has been studied in two small chromium plating factories. The correlation between the environmental monitoring measure (Cr-A) and the biological monitoring measure (Cr-U) varied between the two factories. In one factory (I) the correlation between Cr-U and Cr-A was 0.68 (P < 0.001), while in the other factory (II) it was negative (r = -0.64, P = 0.03). However, in both populations a significant impact of hygienic behaviour on the variance in Cr-U levels could be detected. In factory I, explained variance could be enhanced to R2 = 0.94 (P < 0.001) when considering expressions of hygienic behaviour. In factory II, a strong relation proved to exist between Cr-U and dermal uptake. For the various questions referring to skin problems and possible dermal uptake, the correlation with Cr-U is up to 0.70 (P = 0.03). When comparing the results for the two factories, it is shown that in addition to individual differences in hygienic behaviour, general hygienic conditions also have an impact on uptake of chromium. In factory II, where many efforts were made to prevent exposure to chromium, Cr-U was significantly lower than in factory I (P < 0.001).

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Sampling and analysis of hexavalent chromium during exposure to chromic acid mist and welding fumes.

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Speciation of chromium in tanned leather gloves and relapse of chromium allergy from tanned leather samples†

Speciation of chromium in tanned leather gloves and relapse of chromium allergy from tanned leather samples†

Development of analytical procedures for determination of total chromium by quadrupole ICP?MS and high-resolution ICP?MS, and hexavalent chromium by HPLC?ICP?MS, in different materials used in the automotive industry

Hygienic behaviour in chromium plating industries

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