Sampling and storage of natural waters for trace metal analysis

Batley, Graeme E.; Gardner, D.

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(77)90042-2

Cited by 205 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…This concern stems from the fact that acid-washing activates plastic adsorption sites (Batley and Gardner 1977). However, the MITESS samplers must be filled with distilled water during deployment in order for the solution inside the bottle to be fully replaced with seawater during sample collection (by buoyancy driven exchange).…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

An intercalibration between the GEOTRACES GO‐FLO and the MITESS/Vanes sampling systems for dissolved iron concentration analyses (and a closer look at adsorption effects)

Fitzsimmons

Boyle

2012

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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With John Martin's discovery that iron could be a limiting nutrient in phytoplankton growth (Martin and Fitzwater 1988), marine trace metal biogeochemistry has evolved, with more fieldwork devoted to obtaining trace metal samples, more groups participating in trace metal investigations, and increasing inclusion of trace metal parameters in marine models of nutrient and climate cycles. In 2003, the international GEOTRACES program was founded, which aimed to establish global trace element distributions and quantify the fluxes and processes that affect these distributions under variable hydrographic and biogeochemical regimes. The positive international response to this program and the monetary commitment for cruises made by so many countries is a testament to the maturation of the trace metal field.As interest in trace metal biogeochemistry has grown, the technology associated with collecting uncontaminated seawater samples and analyzing low metal concentrations in seawater's complex matrix has developed as well. However, in response to the limited calibration of the now numerous sample collection, handling, and analytical methods used in the community, an intercalibration committee was established from the inception of the GEOTRACES program to lead and oversee these comparison efforts. The power of an international collaboration is the ability to share the manpower and monetary responsibility for collecting and analyzing globally, but the comparison is only as strong as the many methods can intercalibrate.Depending on the measurement and metal of interest, there are many points at which analytical and sampling offsets can occur: precleaning (filters, bottles), sample collection (samplers, hydrowire), sample treatment (filtration, handling, acidification), sample processing (leaching, pre-concentra- An intercalibration between the GEOTRACES GO-FLO and the MITESS/Vanes sampling systems for dissolved iron concentration analyses (and a closer look at adsorption effects) AbstractAn intercalibration of dissolved iron (dFe) concentrations was conducted from samples collected on the GEO-TRACES Pacific Intercalibration cruise using two different sampling devices: the GEOTRACES GO-FLO rosette system and MITESS/Vane samplers. At each depth, the dFe concentrations were identical within analytical error, except at 500 m where contamination in one bottle is suspected. dFe adsorption kinetics to bottle walls was also investigated. Over 29 h, 18% of the dFe adsorbed to the walls of 1 L bottles, whereas over 15 h, 19% adsorbed to the walls of 250 mL bottles, suggesting a relationship between dFe adsorption and sample bottle surface area to volume ratio. Contrary to expectations that refrigeration would slow adsorption, cold 250 mL bottles demonstrated a 29% dFe loss over 15 h compared to 19% loss at room temperature. Finally, we tested the hypothesis that the decreasing dFe observed in successive sub-sampled bottles from the (unacidified) SAFe D1 tank was due not only to adsorption but also to pH-dependent Fe solubility changes ...

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Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

An intercalibration between the GEOTRACES GO‐FLO and the MITESS/Vanes sampling systems for dissolved iron concentration analyses (and a closer look at adsorption effects)

Fitzsimmons

Boyle

2012

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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“…For most chemical analyses, samples were taken after filtration through a 0.45 ,um membrane filter. This separation is generally used as defining the dis solved or undissolved fraction (Batley and Gardner, 1977). However, this is largely an op erational definition, as fine suspended particles or colloids may pass through the membrane and be included in the filtrate.…”

Section: Boreholesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater geochemistry in the Koongarra ore deposit, Australia (I): Implications for uranium migration.

Yanase¹,

Payne

Sekine³

1995

Geochem. J.

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Groundwater geochemistry at the Koongarra uranium ore deposit was investigated in order to gain a detailed understanding of the migration of uranium in a highly weathered water-rock system . Koongarra groundwaters are quite dilute with the total dissolved solids usually below 200 mg/1. The pH is slightly acidic or neutral, and the major chemical characteristics are dominated by magnesium and bicarbonate . Partial pressures of CO2 in the deeper groundwaters are substantially elevated relative to those of surface waters. Groundwater in the mineralized zones exhibits elevated levels of uranium up to three orders of magnitude above background levels. Total organic carbon levels are generally low , suggesting that uranium complexation by organic species plays a minor role. Due to the high bicarbonate concentration , uranium appears to be mobile in the weathered zone as uranyl carbonate complexes . Other inorganic uranium complexants are not present at levels sufficient to influence uranium speciation , with the possible exception of phosphate.On the basis of chemical and isotopic evidence, there are two major inputs of groundwater to the system. The first of these is flows from the vicinity of the Koongarra fault into the Cahill formation , which hosts the uranium mineralization. A second major source is infiltrating waters which permeate downward from the surface, and cause a gradual mixing and dilution of the characteristics of groundwaters from the mineralized zone. The migration of uranium in groundwater is not only perpendicular to the fault, but includes a component at an angle to it . In the vicinity of borehole C 1 (due south of the ore zone), uranium concentrations are comparatively high , given the distance from the orebody. Moving away from the ore zone to the south-east, there is a gradual decrease of groundwater uranium concentrations t o b ackground levels over approximately 200 meters , which coincides. with the uranium distribution in the solid phase. Therefore, at Koongarra, uranium seems to have migrated over distances of approximat ely 200 m toward the south-east over a time period estimated to be 1 to 1 .5 million years.

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“…물시료 여과에는 친수성 재질인 polycarbonate와 cellulose nitrate의 막필터(직경 47 mm, Whatman)를 사용하였다 (Batley and Gardner, 1977 (Kennedy et al, 1974;Wagemann and Brunskill, 1975). 여과는 순차적 으로 진행하였으며 용기는 점토가 벽면에 흡착되어 Al, Fe 등의 원소 농도에 오차를 발생시킬 수 있으므로 각 단 계별로 다른 용기를 사용하였다 (Kennedy et al, 1974).…”

Section: 여과재료 준비 및 절차unclassified

Evaluating Effects of Membrane Filter Pore Sizes on Determination of Dissolved Concentrations of Major Elements in Groundwater and Surface Water Near Nakdong River

Kim¹,

Koh²,

Ha³

2015

Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment

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Various types of inorganic and organic colloids are present in natural water including groundwater. Previous studies showed that Fe, Mn and Al are colloid-forming elements and dissolved concentrations can be erroneous for these elements if water samples are not properly filtered. Dissolved concentrations of elements including Ca, Na, Mg, K, Fe, Mn, Si and Al in groundwater from alluvial and bedrock aquifers, and surface water near Nakdong River were determined to evaluate effects of colloids on dissolved concentrations in natural water samples using various pore sizes of filters. Groundwater is mostly anoxic and have elevated concentrations of Fe and Mn, which provides a unique opportunity to observe the effects of colloids on dissolved concentrations of colloid-forming elements. Membrane filters with four kinds of pore sizes of 1000 nm, 450 nm, 100 nm, and 15 nm were used for filtration of water samples. Concentrations of dissolved concentrations in each filtrate did not show significant differences from 1000 nm to 100 nm. However, concentrations of all elements considered were decreased in the filtrates obtained using 15 nm pore size filters by 10 to 15% compared to those using 450 nm except for bedrock groundwater. Al in surface water showed a distinct linear decrease with the decrease of filter pore sizes. These results showed that 100 nm pore size had little effect to remove colloidal particles in alluvial groundwater and surface water in our study. In contrast, significant concentration decreases in 15 nm pore size filtrates indicate that the presence of 15 to 100 nm colloidal particles may affect determination of dissolved concentrations of elements in natural water.

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Sampling and storage of natural waters for trace metal analysis

Cited by 205 publications

References 79 publications

An intercalibration between the GEOTRACES GO‐FLO and the MITESS/Vanes sampling systems for dissolved iron concentration analyses (and a closer look at adsorption effects)

An intercalibration between the GEOTRACES GO‐FLO and the MITESS/Vanes sampling systems for dissolved iron concentration analyses (and a closer look at adsorption effects)

Groundwater geochemistry in the Koongarra ore deposit, Australia (I): Implications for uranium migration.

Evaluating Effects of Membrane Filter Pore Sizes on Determination of Dissolved Concentrations of Major Elements in Groundwater and Surface Water Near Nakdong River

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