Sampling Methodologies and Approaches for Ballast Water Management Compliance Monitoring

Gollasch, Stephan; David, Matej

doi:10.7307/ptt.v23i5.158

Cited by 14 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Ballast water (BW) is recognized as the most significant of these vectors (Molnar et al, 2008). Approximately 2.2 to 12 billion tonnes of BW are transported across the world oceans annually (Endresen et al, 2004), transferring some 7000 species daily in the process (Gollasch & David, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis for detection of multiple fouling events: a pilot study of barnacles at Moorea Island (French Polynesia)

Ardura

Planes

García‐Vázquez

2016

Crustac

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic analysis for detection of multiple fouling events: a pilot study of barnacles at Moorea Island (French Polynesia)

Ardura

Planes

García‐Vázquez

2016

Crustac

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“…However, in-tank sampling may be more appropriate for certain vessels, i.e. bulk carriers / tankers that have upper side wing tanks that are emptied through direct overboard discharge valves as opposed to ballast pumps (Gollasch and David 2011), as shown in Figure 2. In-tank sampling offers a risk-based, scientific assessment of ballast biota, while sampling at the discharge point provides compliance monitoring with the BWM requirements (Gollasch and David 2011).…”

Section: Bw Sampling Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…bulk carriers / tankers that have upper side wing tanks that are emptied through direct overboard discharge valves as opposed to ballast pumps (Gollasch and David 2011), as shown in Figure 2. In-tank sampling offers a risk-based, scientific assessment of ballast biota, while sampling at the discharge point provides compliance monitoring with the BWM requirements (Gollasch and David 2011). Tables 2 and 3 outline the sampling approach for compliance control, and the appropriateness of the sample access point for compliance control with BWM requirements, respectively.…”

Section: Bw Sampling Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Practical Difficulties of Sampling Ballast Tanks - What Lessons Can Be Learned?

Evans

Langley

2017

Proceedings of the IMarEST Ballast Water Technology Conference

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The adoption of the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments (BWMC) in 2004 (herewith the Convention) has sought to prevent the spread of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens in the ballast water and sediments of ships, threatening marine ecosystems worldwide. The Convention sets out the various requirements and the various steps vessels owners / operators and port States need to undertake in order to effectively manage ballast water and sediments. However, there are still open issues and uncertainty, including the scientific and practical challenges of sampling of ballast tanks and monitoring compliance with the Convention’s standards. In order to monitor compliance with the Convention’s standards, documented management practices can be inspected for appropriateness and inspection of vessel log books can give an indication that practices have been implemented. However, sampling is the most effective way to ensure compliance with standards set out in the Convention. To check compliance with the D-1 (exchange) standard, vessel log books should be inspected and sampling can be used to check for anomalies in the composition of the ballast water (e.g. salinity). D-1 compliance is intended as an interim step until treatment systems are more widely available – although, some ports may require exchange as well as treatment in the long term. Compliance with the D-2 (performance) standard following treatment of the ballast water requires the sampling of biological, chemical and physical parameters. Whether checking compliance to the D-1 or D-2 standards, there are significant sampling challenges. These include the logistics of gaining vessel access; having multiple sample methods available to suit ballast tank access restrictions; getting a representative sample; sample analyses; sample interpretation and; what to do if a sample fails? In addition to this, local requirements can present further challenges (e.g. small time windows for bacterial analysis). This paper will highlight the difficulties of sampling ballast tanks in practice, drawing from national and international experiences, and will also comment more broadly on the sampling process and governance – such as regional differences and the role of port State control. Drawing on protocols adopted by other states will help to facilitate a more efficient, consistent and organised implementation of the Convention to the shipping community worldwide.

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“…The sampling was done through ballast pump checking valves, ten minutes after the start of the pump in order to avoid a possible bias (more concentrated sample at the beginning, as suggested by Gollasch and David, 2011), when the pumps had not already been on. In most cases, though, the ship was loading cargo and releasing ballast water at the same time, the pumps running since at least one hour.…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Merchant ships discharging unwanted marine species in close proximity of a French aquaculture area: Risks involved

Masson¹,

Thomas²,

Génauzeau³

et al. 2013

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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The most important oyster farming area in Europe is in a close proximity of two medium size merchant ports. Cargo ships deballast in this area before loading, releasing unwanted or noxious marine species. During a sampling campaign aboard these arriving ships, we found in some ballast water samples a huge number of potentially toxic dinoflagellates and some potentially pathogenic bacteria. A model was applied to find the potential geographical spread of the discharged ballast water. This model predicts the water to reach highly vulnerable shellfish farmed areas in six to eight days.

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Sampling Methodologies and Approaches for Ballast Water Management Compliance Monitoring

Abstract: ABSTRACT

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Phylogenetic analysis for detection of multiple fouling events: a pilot study of barnacles at Moorea Island (French Polynesia)

Phylogenetic analysis for detection of multiple fouling events: a pilot study of barnacles at Moorea Island (French Polynesia)

Practical Difficulties of Sampling Ballast Tanks - What Lessons Can Be Learned?

Merchant ships discharging unwanted marine species in close proximity of a French aquaculture area: Risks involved

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