Sampling techniques and clean up procedures for some complex environmental samples with respect to PCDDs and PCDFs and other organic contaminants

Zebühr, Yngve; Näf, Carina; Broman, Dag; Lexén, Karin; Colmsjö, Anders; Östman, Conny

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(89)90287-7

Cited by 28 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…SiO 2 columns containing, from the top, 3 cm SiO 2 /H 2 SO 4 (60:40 w/w), 3 cm SiO 2 /KOH, and 4 cm deactivated SiO 2 (10% water w/w), with hexane (Burdick and Jackson, glass distilled quality) as the mobile phase. Chemical analysis was performed on a Fison GC8000 gas chromatographer (Thermo, Manchester, UK) interfaced to a MD 800 mass spectrometer (Thermo); PCB 153 was added as a recovery standard preceding injection [23,24].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of lipids and polychlorinated biphenyls in a baltic amphipod (Monoporeia affinis): A field study

Wiklund

Axelman

et al. 2003

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Processes such as accumulation and elimination, which control tissue concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), were examined over time in an in situ study of the amphipod Monoporeia affinis. These processes were studied with respect to individual PCB congeners, percentage lipid and composition, and body weight. A secondary objective was to examine the impact of seasonal variability in percentage lipids and lipid composition on PCB concentration in two coexisting Baltic amphipods, M. affinis and Pontoporeia femorata. Polycholorinated biphenyl concentrations tended to be higher in P. femorata than in M. affinis, possibly because of P. femorata's lower respiration rate and larger size. The net accumulation of PCBs was congener dependent and negatively correlated to lipid concentration. The relation between the net concentration change rate of 16 PCB congeners over time and log Kow was not significant during the spring and summer months, a time when lipid accumulation and strong growth occur. In contrast, the net concentration change rate of the corresponding PCB congeners over time during autumn and early winter, that is, from the period before gonad maturation to the period after mating and early embryogenesis, showed a significant relation to tog Kow (r2 = 0.62, p < 0.001, n = 16). During the latter period, amphipod lipid weight was reduced while the PCB body burden increased. Results strongly indicate that elimination rather than accumulation is the main process controlling amphipod body burden. This pattern results in a transfer of PCBs from the female to the developing embryos, which is reflected in high PCB body burden in newly released offspring.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of lipids and polychlorinated biphenyls in a baltic amphipod (Monoporeia affinis): A field study

Wiklund

Axelman

et al. 2003

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…The cleanup procedure applied was modified from Smith et al [23], applied by Zebühr et al [24] for PCBs and by Burreau et al [8] for PBDEs. The extract residues were cleaned up on an open column (10‐mm inner diameter) containing, from bottom to top, 10 mm neutral silica gel (10% deactivated with water [w/w]), 30 mm KOH‐impregnated silica, 30 mm H 2 SO 4 ‐impregnated silica, and 30 mm neutral silica gel.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccumulation kinetics of brominated flame retardants (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis)

Gustafsson

Björk

Burreau

et al. 1999

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

148

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Baltic Sea blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, were exposed to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs, IUPAC congeners 47, 99, and 153) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, congeners 31, 52, 77, 118, and 153) in a flow‐through experimental setup for 44 d. After the exposure phase, the mussels were allowed to depurate in natural brackish water for 26 d. After analyses, uptake clearance rate coefficients (ku), depuration rate coefficients (kd), and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) were calculated. A rapid uptake of all PBDEs and PCBs was observed, especially for PBDE congeners 47 and 99 (ku 120 and 170 L/day/g dry weight, respectively). The depuration rate decreased with increasing hydrophobicity as expected for the PCBs, but for the PBDEs, depuration rate coefficients appeared to be of the same magnitude for all three congeners independently of log Kow. The BAFs obtained for PBDE 47 and PBDE 99 (1.3 × 106 and 1.4 × 106 ml/g dry weight, respectively) were higher than for all other substances in the study, severalfold higher than for PCBs of similar hydrophobicity. The presented data indicate that the bioaccumulation potential of PBDEs, extensively used as flame retardants, is similar or higher than that of PCBs for filter feeding organisms such as blue mussels.

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“…The cleanup procedure applied was modified from Smith et al [23], applied by Zebühr et al [24] for PCBs and by Burreau et al [8] for PBDEs. The extract residues were cleaned up on an open column (10-mm inner diameter) containing, from bottom to top, 10 mm neutral silica gel (10% deactivated with water [w/w]), 30 mm KOH-impregnated silica, 30 mm H 2 SO 4 -impregnated silica, and 30 mm neutral silica gel.…”

Section: Hoc Extraction and Cleanupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccumulation Kinetics of Brominated Flame Retardants (Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers) in Blue Mussels (Mytilus Edulis)

Gustafsson¹,

Björk²,

Burreau³

et al. 1999

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Baltic Sea blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, were exposed to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs, IUPAC congeners 47, 99, and 153) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, congeners 31, 52, 77, 118, and 153) in a flow-through experimental setup for 44 d. After the exposure phase, the mussels were allowed to depurate in natural brackish water for 26 d. After analyses, uptake clearance rate coefficients (k u ), depuration rate coefficients (k d ), and bioaccumulation factors (BAF) were calculated. A rapid uptake of all PBDEs and PCBs was observed, especially for PBDE congeners 47 and 99 (k u 120 and 170 L/day/g dry weight, respectively). The depuration rate decreased with increasing hydrophobicity as expected for the PCBs, but for the PBDEs, depuration rate coefficients appeared to be of the same magnitude for all three congeners independently of log K ow . The BAFs obtained for PBDE 47 and PBDE 99 (1.3 ϫ 10 6 and 1.4 ϫ 10 6 ml/g dry weight, respectively) were higher than for all other substances in the study, severalfold higher than for PCBs of similar hydrophobicity. The presented data indicate that the bioaccumulation potential of PBDEs, extensively used as flame retardants, is similar or higher than that of PCBs for filter feeding organisms such as blue mussels.

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Sampling techniques and clean up procedures for some complex environmental samples with respect to PCDDs and PCDFs and other organic contaminants

Cited by 28 publications

References 7 publications

Dynamics of lipids and polychlorinated biphenyls in a baltic amphipod (Monoporeia affinis): A field study

Dynamics of lipids and polychlorinated biphenyls in a baltic amphipod (Monoporeia affinis): A field study

Bioaccumulation kinetics of brominated flame retardants (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis)

Bioaccumulation Kinetics of Brominated Flame Retardants (Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers) in Blue Mussels (Mytilus Edulis)

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