Sampling Tubing Effects on Groundwater Samples

Barcelona, Michael J.; Helfrich, John A.; Garske, Edward E.

doi:10.1021/ac50001a032

Cited by 83 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The containers and the cap-liners should be made of a material, which is appropriate to keep the sample in its natural condition and for the conservation of the sample as well as for the expected range of analytes. Polyethylene (PE) is not suitable for organic compounds (Barcelona et al, 1985;House, 1994), because these may absorb to the PE or polymer compounds such as softeners and antioxidants can leach from the PE walls. However, high-density polyethylene bottles are convenient for inorganic compounds (Batley and Gardner, 1977) and often used due to the high costs of fluorinated polymers.…”

Section: Selection Of Sample Containers and Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling and Conservation

Schulze

Streck

Paschke

2011

Treatise on Water Science

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Section: Selection Of Sample Containers and Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Sampling and Conservation

Schulze

Streck

Paschke

2011

Treatise on Water Science

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“…These pumps have an advantage over centrifugal pumps (see below) in that the sample only comes into contact with the tubing. However, silicone tubing is most commonly used, to provide the required flexibility, and this is not suitable for sampling organics due to its propensity to absorb organic compounds (Barcelona et al, 1985;Pearsall and Eckhardt (1987). The loss of volatiles using peristaltic pumps has been investigated by a number of workers; Barker and Dickhout (1988) found concentrations of volatile halocarbons 23 to 33 percent lower than other pumps tested and concluded that degassing was a problem with this pump.…”

Section: Peristaltic Pumpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contaminated Groundwater Sampling and Quality Control of Water Analyses

Trick

Stuart

Reeder

2008

Environmental Geochemistry

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The objective of groundwater sampling for site characterisation is the collection of samples that represent the underlying conditions at a site and ensuring that sample integrity is maintained from field to laboratory. The authors describe the tools available to the field sampler for the collection of groundwater samples, methods of on-site water quality analysis and the appropriate preservation and handling of samples. There are a variety of portable sampling devices available for the collection of groundwater, however, each application has different requirements and is dependant on the contaminant(s) of interest and most importantly, the specification of the borehole to be sampled. A number of different sampling devices and their applicability are presented. Traditionally, to ensure sample representivity the removal of stagnant water from a monitoring well was accomplished by purging a fixed number of well volumes, generally between three to five volumes, prior to sample collection. In recent years research has shown that low-flow purging (pumping at a rate that doesn't disturb the stagnant water in a well) produces samples that are representative of the formation water. In addition 'no purge' sampling is becoming an increasingly accepted method of collecting representative groundwater samples for some determinands, in particular VOCs and some metals using diffusion methods. The merits of different purge methodologies are discussed. On-site water quality measurements are carried out predominantly to monitor effective purging of water at the sampling point before sample collection, and to measure unstable parameters that cannot be subsequently reliably determined in the laboratory. On-site measurements such as pH, Specific Electrical Conductance (SEC), Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Temperature and alkalinity can be used to provide a check on a subsequent laboratory analysis. Techniques for the preservation and analysis of samples and quality assurance and quality control are also presented.

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“…Materials must be chosen to be compatible with the solutes of interest and also with the existing groundwater chemistry. Sorption of organics to polymeric materials has been reported;1–5 many of these studies indicate that flexible polymeric materials are more sorptive than rigid polymers. Metals used in groundwater samplers can transform (dehalogenate) polyhalogenated organic compounds 2.…”

Section: In Situ Transport Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of in situ measurement of organic compound transformation in groundwater

Papiernik

2001

Pest Management Science

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Laboratory assessments of the rate of degradation of organic compounds in groundwater have been criticized for producing unrepresentative results. The potential for organic compounds to be transformed in groundwater has been measured using in situ methods, which avoid problems of attempting to duplicate aquifer conditions in the laboratory. In situ assessments of transformation rates have been accomplished using transport studies and in situ microcosms (ISMs); a review of these methods is given here. In transport studies, organic solutes are injected into an aquifer and the concentrations are monitored as they are transported downgradient. The change in mass of a solute is determined by the area contained under the breakthrough curve (plot of concentration versus time). ISMs isolate a portion of the aquifer from advective flow and act as in situ batch reactors. Experiments using ISMs involve removing water from the ISM, amending it with the solutes of interest, re-injecting the amended water, and monitoring the solute concentrations with time. In both transport and ISM studies, the loss of organic solutes from solution does not allow a distinction to be made between sorptive, abiotic and biotic transformation losses. Biological activity can be chemically suppressed in ISMs and the results from those experiments used to indicate sorption and abiotic loss. Transformation products may be monitored to provide additional information on transformation mechanisms and rates.

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Sampling Tubing Effects on Groundwater Samples

Cited by 83 publications

References 12 publications

Sampling and Conservation

Sampling and Conservation

Contaminated Groundwater Sampling and Quality Control of Water Analyses

A review of in situ measurement of organic compound transformation in groundwater

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