San Miguel Sea Lion Virus Isolation, Preliminary Characterization and Relationship to Vesicular Exanthema of Swine Virus

Smith, Alvin W.; Akers, T. G.; Madin, Stewart H.; Vedros, Neylan A.

doi:10.1038/244108a0

Cited by 100 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Two caliciviruses, San Miguel sea lion virus (SMSV) and vesicular exanthema of swine virus (VESV), are indistinguishable and are regarded as a single virus that was transferred from the marine environment to swine, causing the now-extinct disease, vesicular exanthema of swine (Smith et al, 1973a). SMSV was first isolated in 1972 from California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) that had aborted and that had vesicular lesions of the flippers (Smith et al, 1973a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SMSV was first isolated in 1972 from California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) that had aborted and that had vesicular lesions of the flippers (Smith et al, 1973a). Virus and/or calicivirus antibodies have been detected in a wide range of whale and seal species, including walrus from the Chukchi Sea (Lenghaus et al, 2001;Ganova-Raeva et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serologic Survey for Selected Virus Infections in Polar Bears at Svalbard

Tryland

Neuvonen²,

Huovilainen³

et al. 2005

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) were chemically immobilized and sampled at Svalbard, Norway, and on the pack ice in the Barents Sea from late March to mid-May between 1990 and 1998. Plasma samples were tested for the presence of antibodies to canine distemper virus (CDV), calicivirus, phocid herpesvirus type 1 (PhHV-1), and rabies virus. A seroprevalence of 8% to CDV and 2% to calicivirus were found, whereas no antibodies were detected against PhHV-1 or rabies virus. This serologic survey indicates that polar bears in this region are exposed to morbillivirus and calicivirus, although the nature of these viruses and infections are unknown. Morbillivirus and calicivirus are potential pathogens in seals, but it is unknown whether they may cause health problems in polar bears.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serologic Survey for Selected Virus Infections in Polar Bears at Svalbard

Tryland

Neuvonen²,

Huovilainen³

et al. 2005

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Evldence indicates that caliciviruses are actively circulating among a vallety of Pacific rim marine species, including pinnipeds, cetaceans, and fish , Smith 1981). These viruses are of considerable importance because they are morphologically and physicochemlcally indistinguishable from the exotic disease agent, vesicular exanthema of swine virus (VESV), and are capable of producing vesicular disease in experimentally exposed pigs (Bachrach & Hess 1973, Schaffer & Soergel 1973, Smith et al 1973, 1980b Inter-Research/Printed in F. R. Germany Breese & Dardiri 1977, Wilder et al 1977, Wilder & Dardin 1978. Such findings have served to support the hypothesis that the costly outbreaks of vesicular exanthema of swine (VES) that spread throughout California and eventually to the remainder of the United States between 1932 and 1956 originated from calicivirus reservoirs in the sea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and distribution of serum neutralizing antibodies to San Miguel sea lion virus types 6 and 7 in selected populations of marine mammals

Barlough¹,

Berry²,

De³

et al. 1988

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Neutral17ing antibodies to San M~g u e l sea llon virus (SMSV) types 6 and/or 7 were found in sera collected from California sea l~o n s Zalophus c californianus in 1977 and 1983 and in sera collected from Steller sea lions Eumetoplas jubatus in 1976 and 1985 The combined prevalence rates of ShlSV anubodies in these 2 species were SMSV-6 19/228 = 8.3 %, and SMSV-7, 4/228 = 1 7 '10 Titers ranged from 1 20 to 1 320 by standard microtlter neutralization assay Seropositive sea lions were dispersed along the eastern Pacific rim from Alaska to the southern California Channel Islands Anhbodies to either agent were not found In sera collected from northern fur seals Callorhlnus urslnus, Pacific walruses Odobenus rosnlarus divergens seals of the family Phocidae, or several cetacean species Both SMSV-6 and SMSV-7 have been isolated from opaleye G~rella nlgrIcans an ocean fish found pnmarily In the southern California coastal zone, the presence of antibody-positive sea llons in more northern waters indicates that these piscine-ongin SMSV types may have a wider distribution in nature than has been previously supposed

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“…As with other animals the etiologies of skin diseases in pinnipeds are varied and may include viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Known viral diseases affecting the skin of pinnipeds include poxvirus (Wilson et al, 1969;Wilson et al, 1972) and a calicivirus, San Miguel sea lion virus (Smith et al, 1973;Smith and Skilling, 1979). Bacterial agents incriminated in pinniped skin lesions include Dermutophilus congolensis reported in South American sea lions (Otaria byronia) (Frese, 1971) and Corynebacterium phocae isolated from skin lesions in grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) (Anderson and Bonner, 1974).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of a Retrovirus and a Herpesvirus From a Captive California Sea Lion

Kennedy‐Stoskopf¹,

Stoskopf²,

Eckhaus³

et al. 1986

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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A non-oncogenic retrovirus was isolated from an explanted skin biopsy from a captive California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) with a history of recurring skin lesions. The morphology of the viral particles in electron photomicrographs was characteristic of a foamy virus, a retrovirus in the subfamily Spumavirinae. Viral cytopathic effects consistent with foamy virus infection were observed in subsequent explants of skin and lymph nodes and co-cultivated peripheral blood leukocytes. The sea lion with the persistent foamy virus infection later died from pericarditis caused by Pasteurella multocida. A herpesvirus was isolated from explants of lung.

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San Miguel Sea Lion Virus Isolation, Preliminary Characterization and Relationship to Vesicular Exanthema of Swine Virus

Cited by 100 publications

References 11 publications

Serologic Survey for Selected Virus Infections in Polar Bears at Svalbard

Serologic Survey for Selected Virus Infections in Polar Bears at Svalbard

Prevalence and distribution of serum neutralizing antibodies to San Miguel sea lion virus types 6 and 7 in selected populations of marine mammals

Isolation of a Retrovirus and a Herpesvirus From a Captive California Sea Lion

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