Sanctuary in the City: Urban Monkeys Buffered against Catastrophic Die-off during ENSO-related Drought

Waite, Thomas A.; Chhangani, Anil Kumar; Campbell, Lesley G.; Rajpurohit, Lal Singh; Mohnot, S. M.

doi:10.1007/s10393-007-0112-6

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…These troops receive daily food subsidies from humans at a temple. All five of these subsidized troops increased in membership by at least 6.2% (Fisher's exact test: P = 0.008), suggesting that they were buffered against the effects of drought (Waite et al ., in press).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

La Niña's signature: synchronous decline of the mammal community in a ‘protected’ area in India

Waite

Campbell

Chhangani³

et al. 2007

Diversity and Distributions

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Mounting evidence indicates large‐scale climatic phenomena such as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can overwhelm endogenous factors that govern the population dynamics of wild species. We add to this evidence by documenting an ENSO‐related decline of large mammals in the Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, in Rajasthan, India. This event coincided with the drought of 2000, following two consecutive monsoon failures. Time series of biennial counts (1991–2005) shared a common feature: all 13 species declined in abundance from 1999 to 2001, with 11 species experiencing an apparent decline exceeding 25%. An ENSO index explained much of the variability in population size, apparently reflecting mass mortality and/or recruitment failure caused by the major 1998–2000 La Niña event, followed by a rapid rebound. ENSO apparently overwhelmed endogenous factors and synchronized the dynamics of the mammalian community. Our findings may prove to be symptomatic of geographically broad impacts of large‐scale climate on the dynamics of terrestrial vertebrate communities, even in protected areas. Our findings reinforce the growing recognition that we should not overlook global‐scale causal agents of ecological change.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

La Niña's signature: synchronous decline of the mammal community in a ‘protected’ area in India

Waite

Campbell

Chhangani³

et al. 2007

Diversity and Distributions

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“…For example, a 46.8% loss in Semnopithecus entellus (Waite et al . ), a 50% loss in Eulemur fulvus (Tarnaud & Simmen ), and a 42% loss in Alouatta pigra (Pavelka et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although it might be expected that some primate species will possess the behavioral and physiological flexibility to cope with conditions derived from these phenomena, it is also true that such flexibility will have its limitations: recent reports of cyclone and drought impacts on primate populations indicated losses far greater than the expected annual mortality rate. For example, a 46.8% loss in Semnopithecus entellus (Waite et al 2007), a 50% loss in Eulemur fulvus (Tarnaud & Simmen 2002), and a 42% loss in Alouatta pigra (Pavelka et al 2003). In addition, local habitats might have already experienced anthropogenic degradation that could enhance species exposure to extreme climatic events and/or compromise any intrinsic coping strategies for population persistence in the longer term.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing exposure to extreme climatic events for terrestrial mammals

Ameca

Mace

Cowlishaw

et al. 2012

Conservation Letters

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There is robust evidence that climate change will modify the frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events. The consequences for terrestrial biota may be dramatic, but are yet to be elucidated. The well-established IUCN Red List does not, for example, include any explicit quantification of the current level of exposure to extreme climatic events in any species-based risk assessment. Using globally distributed data for cyclones and droughts as well as information on the distribution of 5,760 terrestrial mammals (species and subspecies) we:(1) define mammals with significant exposure as those with an overlap of at least 25% of their extant geographic range with areas that have been impacted by either cyclones or droughts; and (2) pinpoint those with ≥75% overlap as being at the highest exposure. Although a species' risk of negative impacts from extreme climatic events depends not only on its exposure but also its intrinsic sensitivity and adaptive capacity, identifying taxa currently exposed can help to (1) reduce the uncertainty in identifying species least likely to be resilient to future impacts, and (2) complement extinction risk assessments and provide a more informed evaluation of current conservation status, to better guide management.

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“…We should note, however, not everything about urbanisation is bad for insects. Cities can actually buffer and protect some species from extreme climatic events that may increase in frequency under global climate change (Shochat et al ., 2004; Waite et al ., 2007). Moreover, if exurban development continues at its current pace, urban areas will play an increasingly important role as sources of species that help to maintain biodiversity at the urban–rural interface (Carpaneto et al ., 2005; Dunn et al ., 2006).…”

Section: Insect Conservation In Urban Landscapesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing for conservation of insects in the built environment

Hunter

2008

Insect Conserv Diversity

113

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Abstract. The conservation of insects is not a priority for most urban dwellers, yet can be accomplished in urban settings by the careful design of urban nature. Our goal is to foster cross‐talk between practitioners of insect conservation biology who develop the knowledge base and professional design practitioners who are poised to apply this knowledge in designs and management plans for urban green space. The collaborative product promises a built environment that promotes human well‐being and urban beauty while maximizing the potential for the conservation of insects. There is precedence for collaboration between science and design communities to achieve conservation, and existing professional and civic organizations offer a structure to formalize and expand collaboration. Design professionals, particularly landscape architects, are trained to support insect conservation in the urban landscape through land planning and ecological site design. Ecological site design is based in principles of sustainability and so must address the well being of humans and nature simultaneously. This powerful approach for insect conservation is illustrated in examples from around the world focusing on roadway‐easement corridors, stormwater management areas, and greenroofs. To improve insect conservation and its public support we offer recommendations, organized in response to cultural aspects of sustainability. Considerations include: a) social drivers for support of conservation practices, b) public perception of urban space, c) applying conservation biology principles in urban areas, and d) merging insect conservation goals with human cultural demands.

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Sanctuary in the City: Urban Monkeys Buffered against Catastrophic Die-off during ENSO-related Drought

Cited by 43 publications

References 55 publications

La Niña's signature: synchronous decline of the mammal community in a ‘protected’ area in India

La Niña's signature: synchronous decline of the mammal community in a ‘protected’ area in India

Assessing exposure to extreme climatic events for terrestrial mammals

Designing for conservation of insects in the built environment

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