SANDRA: a portable XRF system for the study of Mexican cultural heritage

Ruvalcaba‐Sil, José Luis; Miranda, Diana; Aguilar-Melo, Valentina; Picazo, F.

doi:10.1002/xrs.1257

Cited by 58 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Portable equipment for the elemental XRF study was the non-destructive X-ray analysis system (SANDRA) developed by our group [21]. It is composed of a Mo X-Ray tube with a Be window, a X-123 Si-PIN detector from Amptek and a collimator of 1.5-mm diameter.…”

Section: X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (Xrf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive in situ spectroscopic analysis of greenstone objects from royal burial offerings of the Mayan site of Palenque, Mexico

et al. 2015

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One of the most important Mayan cities of the Classic period (A.D. 200-900) of Mesoamerica is Palenque, in Chiapas. The Mayan civilization attributed great importance to greenstone minerals, in particular jadeite. This study covers the analysis of greenstones found in royal tombs of several temples corresponding to the Classic period: the Temple of the Skull, Temple of the Cross and Temples XVIII and XVIII-A. The aim of this research is to determine the use of greenstone minerals and the raw materials' sources as a first step in understanding the development of Palenque and its relationships to other sites in the Maya region. Here, we present a non-destructive in situ study of lithic objects carried out by means of a several spectroscopic techniques, such as Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and color measurements, at the Palenque site museum. FTIR and Raman allowed for the identification of minerals including jadeite, omphacite, amazonite, albite, muscovite and green quartz. Moreover, XRF was effective for in situ analysis of the elemental composition of the artifacts. This information was essential for sourcing the raw materials, in particular, jadeite. It was possible to infer the exploitation of an unknown source of jadeite for the earlier burial (A.D. 250-450). During this period the exploitation of the Verapaz and Motagua jadeite deposits also began. These sources were the primary deposits used for the manufacture of the artifacts studied from the period of A.D. 600-850. Also, a greater diversity of minerals is observed during the zenith of Palenque during this period, corresponding to the reign of Pakal. Although, between burials, the color of the artifacts is diverse, the color measurements indicated similarity in color among artifacts within individual burials.

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Section: X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (Xrf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive in situ spectroscopic analysis of greenstone objects from royal burial offerings of the Mayan site of Palenque, Mexico

et al. 2015

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“…After the global examination by the imaging techniques, the inks and paper of the document were analyzed using our portable XRF SANDRA device [13] with a 75W Mo Xray tube and a Si-PIN X123 detector from Amptek ( Figure 3). XRF conditions for the Xray tube were 40 kV and 0.6 mA, these measurements lasted 180 seconds per region.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the region 36 corresponding to the signature of Espinosa de los Monteros (second one in the middle area of the document), the ink is the most different of all the inks. Then, the signature of Iturbide (11), the note "Lugar de la firma de J. O'Donoju" (13) and the signature of the Puebla's Bishop (26) also present different composition. This compositional profile may give rise to a proposal about how the writing of the document was: First, the date and the declaration were written by the secretary and then signed by Iturbide with a different ink, as well as the Bishop of Puebla using a third ink.…”

Section: X-ray Fluorescence Analysismentioning

confidence: 96%

Non-Destructive Study of the Independence Act of the Mexican Empire of 1821

et al. 2011

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In 2010, Mexico celebrates 200 years since the beginning of the Independence war that gave rise to the independent Mexican Empire in 1821, and afterwards to the Mexican Republic. This document had two original copies; one of them was lost in a fire at the beginning of twentieth century, while the second was stolen and finally returned to Mexico in 1960, after a long history of events. This document is kept in the General Archives of Nation (AGN), Mexico.The “Independence Act of the Mexican Empire of 1821” was written on paper using iron-gall inks. The document has two parts: a declaration and a set of 36 signatures of Iturbide and other people involved in establishing the Independence of Mexico.The non-destructive study of this document was carried out in order to answer several questions: legitimacy, composition of the materials (paper and inks), deterioration conditions and a possible sequence of writing and the signatures. For these purposes several in situ techniques were used: optical microscopy, ultraviolet and infrared light imaging, portable X-ray Fluorescence and Raman Spectroscopy. This work presents the main results of this analytical methodology applied to the Mexican Independence Act. The results indicate that several inks were used in the manuscript and that the paper has an aging consistent with a nineteenth century document. From these results, we consider that the document examined is genuine and not a copy or facsimile of the original act.

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“…La técnica de fluorescencia de rayos X (XRF), representa una alternativa viable, ya que es una poderosa técnica de análisis instrumental multielemental no destructiva de alta sensibilidad (ppm), que se basa en la detección de rayos X característicos emitidos por los átomos de una muestra irradiada por un haz primario de rayos X, generalmente producido en un tubo de rayos X de molibdeno o rodio (Ruvalcaba et al, 2010). Sin embargo, a pesar que la técnica de XRF ha sido aplicada al estudio de acumulación de metales por plantas (Tsutsumimoto & Tsuji, 2007), actualmente no hay información disponible sobre su aplicación en microorganismos como E. gracilis expuestos al cobre.…”

Section: ___________________unclassified

“…El análisis multielemental directo de las muestras se efectuó mediante el equipo de XRF SANDRA (Sistema de análisis no destructivo por rayos X) del Instituto de Física de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (Ruvalcaba et al, 2010). Para el análisis de las muestras se tomaron 300 mg de biomasa liofilizada de cada tratamiento y se comprimió, hasta formar una pastilla de 0,5 a 1,0 cm de diámetro.…”

Section: ___________________unclassified

Evaluacion de la bioacumulacion de cobre en Euglena gracilis mediante la tecnica de fluorescencia de rayos X

Cervantes-Garcia

Rubalcaba-Sil

González-Mendoza

et al. 2014

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RESUMEN.En esta investigación se evaluó el efecto de la exposición de cobre en la capacidad de bioacumulacion de metal en células de Euglena gracilis. La acumulación de metal medida con la técnica de fluorescencia de rayos X (XRF) mostró que la acumulación de Cu +2 en E. gracilis fue dosis dependiente y se incrementó significativamente en las células tratadas con 0.4 y 0.8 mM de Cu +2 con respecto al control. No se descarta la presencia de una estrategia de acumulación en E. gracilis que podría involucrar la participación de una serie de múltiples procesos, como producción de vacuolas. Futuros estudios al respecto deberán orientarse a evaluar la capacidad de bioacumulación de E. gracilis para su aplicación en programas de biorremediación de sistemas acuáticos. Palabras clave: Euglena gracilis, XRF, cobre, contaminación, tolerancia, ecotoxicología. Assessment of copper bioaccumulation in Euglena gracilisby X-Ray fluorescence technique ABSTRACT. The effect of the exposure to copper in metal bioaccumulation capacity in cells from Euglena gracilis was evaluated in this study. Metal accumulation measured with the X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique showed that the accumulation of Cu +2 in E. gracilis was dose dependent and was significantly increased in cells treated with 0.4 and 0.8 mM of Cu +2 with respect to control. The presence of an accumulation strategy in E. gracilis that could involve the participation of a number of multiple processes, such as production of vacuoles, is not discarded. Future studies should be oriented to evaluate the potential for bioaccumulation of E. gracilis to be applied in bioremediation of aquatic systems programs.

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SANDRA: a portable XRF system for the study of Mexican cultural heritage

Cited by 58 publications

References 48 publications

Non-destructive in situ spectroscopic analysis of greenstone objects from royal burial offerings of the Mayan site of Palenque, Mexico

Non-destructive in situ spectroscopic analysis of greenstone objects from royal burial offerings of the Mayan site of Palenque, Mexico

Non-Destructive Study of the Independence Act of the Mexican Empire of 1821

Evaluacion de la bioacumulacion de cobre en Euglena gracilis mediante la tecnica de fluorescencia de rayos X

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