Sanitation Improves Stored Product Insect Pest Management

Abstract

There is a large suite of insects that attack anthropogenic agricultural goods after harvest. Proper sanitation programs for food facilities are now recognized as the foundation of good integrated pest management (IPM) programs for stored products throughout the post-harvest supply chain. While good sanitation programs are generally thought to reduce the abundance and diversity of insects, there has been less appreciation of the manifold ways that sanitation interacts with a range of other IPM tactics to modulate their efficacy. Here, we review the literature on how the effectiveness of chemical, physical/cultural, biological, and behaviorally-based control tactics varies with changes in sanitation. In addition, we discuss how sanitation may affect ongoing pheromone- and kairomone-based monitoring programs. Where possible, we quantitatively compile and analyze the impact of sanitation on the fold-change in the efficacy of IPM tactics. We found that decreased sanitation negatively affected the efficacy of most tactics examined, with a mean 1.3–17-fold decrease in efficacy under poorer sanitation compared to better sanitation. Sanitation had neutral or mixed impacts on a few tactics as well. Overall, the literature suggests that sanitation should be of the utmost importance for food facility managers concerned about the efficacy of a wide range of management tactics.

Mobility of Stored Product Beetles after Exposure to a Combination Insecticide Containing Deltamethrin, Methoprene, and a Piperonyl Butoxide Synergist Depends on Species, Concentration, and Exposure Time

“…In addition, we did see some indication of increased movement at the 72-h exposures compared to the 24-hr exposures, which was surprising, because in most studies knockdown after exposure usually leads to mortality rather than to recovery [20]. In earlier studies, Arthur [21,22] found that knockdown may lead to recovery in the presence of food sources that are reachable by insects, underlying the importance of sanitation in storage and processing facilities, which can adversely affect chemical control procedures [23]. In our experiments, the exposed adults remained on the commodity, which can be considered a food source.…”

“…Additional experimental research is needed to clarify these effects. From the data available so far, it seems that this effect is realistic for pyrethroids [3], but not in IGRs, where effects on immature life stages are more irreversible [4,10,23].…”

Species Composition, Temporal Abundance and Distribution of Insect Captures Inside and Outside Commercial Peanut Shelling Facilities

“…Therefore, the researchers suggest that sanitation efforts need to be intensely focused on removing debris build up in the early stages of processing to reduce harborage sites for grain feeding insects. In addition to removing refugia, good sanitation improves residual and aerosolized insecticide efficacy [12,14,31].…”

Effect of Pheromones, Plant Volatiles and Spinosad on Mating, Male Attraction and Burrowing of Cadra cautella (Walk.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

“…Despite the success of these methods, each has its own drawbacks, which may variously include insecticide toxicity, health hazards to workers [25], non-target effects on the environment [26,27] and the development of resistance in insects [28]. Therefore, there has been a push to develop biorational pest management methods in the postharvest supply chain [27,[29][30][31].…”