Sap Analysis: A Powerful Tool for Monitoring Plant Nutrition

Esteves, Eduardo; Locatelli, Guilherme; Bou, Neus Alcon; Ferrarezi, Rhuanito Soranz

doi:10.3390/horticulturae7110426

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Although mulch applications did not improve the health of HLB-affected trees, the implications of improving soil fertility may be of interest to citrus growers. It is widely established that increased applications of macronutrients and micronutrients can improve the health, fruit quality, and yield of HLB-affected trees (53)(54)(55)(56). The improved soil fertility obtained from mulch applications could logically supply the HLB-affected trees with more nutrients and thus over time improve tree health, yield, and fruit quality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of hardwood mulch applications to improve soil characteristics of Alfisols used in Florida citrus production

Hallman,

Santiago,

Fox

et al. 2023

Front. Soil Sci.

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IntroductionImproving soil fertility is a top priority in Florida’s citrus growing regions, especially in the age of Huanglongbing (HLB; also known as citrus greening). This disease severely reduces fine root mass, causes higher incidences of nutrient deficiencies, and eventually results in the death of affected trees. Additionally, the soils commonly found in Florida’s citrus growing regions are sandy (greater than 98%) and naturally low in fertility, making the nutrient management of HLB-affected trees even more challenging. As a result, interest in organic amendments to increase soil fertility are being tested. Although hardwood chip mulches are successfully used in other regions of the country, no studies exist observing their use on the soils in Florida’s citrus growing regions; therefore, the objectives of this study were to measure the impacts of hardwood oak mulch on (i) Florida Alfisols characteristics and (ii) HLB-affected citrus trees.MethodsA two-treatment field study using 6-year-old ‘Valencia’ sweet orange trees (Citrus × sinensis) grafted on US-812 (C. reticulata × C. trifoliata) rootstock was conducted in Florida’s Indian River District (IRD). The experimental treatment consisted of 0.08 m of hardwood chip mulch sourced from oak trees applied every September for 3 years (2020, 2021, and 2022) while the control treatment had no mulch applied. Soil chemical and physical properties, leaf nutrient concentration, and leaf Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) titer was collected in the fall (October), winter (January), spring (April), and summer (July).Results and discussionOverall, after 3 years, oak mulch applications increased soil available phosphorus (32%), potassium (66%), magnesium (71%), organic matter (49%), and moisture (25-88%, depending on the season); however, oak mulch inconsistently impacted leaf nutrient concentrations and was not effective at suppressing HLB. The results show that annual applications of hardwood oak mulch can improve the chemical and physical properties of sandy soils within three years, however, these improvements did not reduce the severity of HLB.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of hardwood mulch applications to improve soil characteristics of Alfisols used in Florida citrus production

Hallman,

Santiago,

Fox

et al. 2023

Front. Soil Sci.

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“…Plant sap analysis provides 21 nutrients parameters values that enable farmers to optimize the crops' fertilization plan. The information is valuable because the uptake of plant nutrients are revealed in a few hours, the increasing performance can be tracked graphically, similar to the example shown in uptake of nutrients, excesses or deficiencies of nutrients long term before can be seen on a plant leaf, plant reserves of nutrients, nutrient imbalance in soil, what nutrient plant can use at that moment for its own growth, or even fruit quality [67]. Sap analysis laboratory in less than one week will provide the analysis sheet with a fertilizer plan recommended.…”

Section: Sap Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing the Effects of Drought and Degradation of Agricultural Soils, in the Context of Climate Change, through the Application of Regenerative Ecological Technologies

Popescu¹,

Nenciu²,

Vlăduț³

2022

Drought - Impacts and Management

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The agricultural sector has a limited capacity for expansion, consequently, deficient technologies based on the widespread use of synthetic chemicals have been implemented in the last decades, having a major negative impact on natural ecosystems, biodiversity, and environmental services. Desertification, land degradation, and drought, combined with human activity and environmental changes, cause important soil losses and a reduction in natural defenses against droughts and floods. The combined impact of climate change, land mismanagement and unsustainable freshwater use has long been affecting agricultural productivity, the most common cause being unsustainable land management practices. This chapter aims to briefly assess the most effective strategies for reducing the impact of climate change on agricultural crops, as well as to prevent or reverse the process of desertification and systematic loss in food quality and quantity. Regenerative management practices such as minimum tillage technologies, cover crops and mulching, inoculation with microorganisms, nutrients cycling, the balance of the organic fertilizers or foliar application help farmers in managing healthy soils, capable of growing rich and ecological crops without the use of chemical hazardous substances.

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“…Furthermore, the nutrient concentrations in the xylem sap were proportional to those of the nutrient content accumulated in shoots. Xylem sap analysis has been applied for investigating various compounds such as nutrients and microelements [41,42], phytohormones [43], or signal compounds for plant-microbe interactions [44]. Further experiments are necessary to establish the diagnosis of P by xylem sap, especially to ascertain the deficient, adequate, and excess range of PO 4 in field-grown soybeans.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of P In Soybean Plants By Xylem Sap Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption and Transport of Phosphorus in Nodulated Soybean Plants and Diagnosis of Phosphorus Status Using Xylem Sap Analysis

Yamamura,

Higuchi,

Saito

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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Phosphorus (P) is an essential major element for plants. The absorption and transport of P are important for soybean growth and yield, including nodule growth and N2 fixation. Through an analysis of xylem sap, we investigated how nodulated soybean plants absorb PO4 via the roots and transport it to the shoot. The nodulated soybean plants were treated with 0, 50, and 250 μM PO4 concentrations for 1, 3, 7, and 15 days. The PO4 concentration in the xylem sap significantly decreased after 1 day of P deprivation, and then it gradually decreased for 15 days. The high-concentration (250 μM PO4) treatment increased the PO4 concentrations in the xylem sap at 7- and 15-day timepoints but not at the 1- or 3-day timepoints. The soybean plants were treated with 0, 25, 50, 100, 150, 250, and 500 μM PO4 for 3 days. The PO4 absorption rate increased consistently in conjunction with the increase in the PO4 concentration; however, the PO4 concentrations in the xylem sap increased only from 0 to 50 μM PO4 but were constant under higher P concentrations. The soybean plants accumulated extra PO4 in the roots. The PO4 concentration in the xylem sap immediately reflected the P deficiency conditions; thus, this index may be used as an indicator for the diagnosis of P deficiency.

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Sap Analysis: A Powerful Tool for Monitoring Plant Nutrition

Cited by 16 publications

References 54 publications

Use of hardwood mulch applications to improve soil characteristics of Alfisols used in Florida citrus production

Use of hardwood mulch applications to improve soil characteristics of Alfisols used in Florida citrus production

Reducing the Effects of Drought and Degradation of Agricultural Soils, in the Context of Climate Change, through the Application of Regenerative Ecological Technologies

Absorption and Transport of Phosphorus in Nodulated Soybean Plants and Diagnosis of Phosphorus Status Using Xylem Sap Analysis

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